Use of nootkatone to kill sap-sucking insects

1. A method of treating a sap-sucking insect infestation or reducing the population of sap-sucking insects on a plant by applying a composition, wherein said treatment is associated with a reduced risk for skin irritation for a human or animal coming into contact with the composition, the method comprising:

applying an effective amount of a nootkatone-containing composition to a surface or area to be treated,

wherein the nootkatone is derived from oxidation of valencene that was produced by fermentation,

wherein the nootkatone is nootkatone ex valencene,

wherein the nootkatone ex valencene is limonene- and bergapten-free, and

wherein the applied nootkatone ex valencene-containing composition comprises about 0.1% to about 10% nootkatone ex valencene, and

wherein the nootkatone-containing composition has a reduced risk for causing skin irritation when applied topically compared to a nootkatone composition containing nootkatone that is neither limonene- nor bergapten-free.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nootkatone ex valencene-containing composition is applied to the surface or area to be treated by an aerosol container with a spray nozzle, a spray gun, an impregnated sheet, a film, a matrix, a pump sprayer, a trigger sprayer, a pressurized spraying device, a sponge, a brush, a roller, a tractor, an irrigation spray, a helicopter, a crop duster, or an airplane.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface or area to be treated is a surface of a plant, soil, a planting bed, hydroponics equipment, harvesting equipment, an agricultural tool, a storage container, a shipping container, or an area susceptible to infestation by sap-sucking insects.

4. The method of claim 3 further comprising applying the dispenser to a surface to be treated, to a plant surface, or to an area susceptible to infestation by sap-sucking insects.

5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the plant surface, the surface to be treated, or the area susceptible to infestation by sap-sucking insects is within an agricultural area, an agricultural field, an arable field, a greenhouse, an area for mushroom cultivation, an indoor area of commercial flower cultivation, a commercial forest, a grassy area subjected to professional grass management, or a private lawn.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nootkatone ex valencene-containing composition is applied to the surface to be treated by a dispenser,

wherein the dispenser is adapted to concomitantly apply the composition to the surface and physically remove at least one sap-sucking insect from the surface.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the dispenser is a tissue, a wet wipe, a wet pad, a suction device, or a water dispenser.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nootkatone ex valencene-containing

composition is applied to the surface to obtain an effective nootkatone concentration of about 0.15 mg/cm 2 .

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nootkatone ex valencene-containing composition comprises:

(a) about 0.1% to about 10% nootkatone ex valencene; and

(b) about 90% to about 99.9% carrier.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the nootkatone ex valencene-containing composition comprises:

(a) about 2% nootkatone ex valencene; and

(b) about 98% carrier.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the carrier is a natural fertilizer, a chemical fertilizer, mulch, water, agrotextile, compost, topsoil, potting soil, vermiculite or soil amendments, an agricultural waste product, or a mixture thereof.

12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the nootkatone ex valencene-containing composition is an about 5X, about 10X, about 20X, about 30X, or about 60X concentrate.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sap-sucking insect is one or more of an aphid, a thrips, a scale insect, a psyllid, a whitefly, a leafhopper, a stink bug, a tarnished plant bug, a squash bug, and a spider mite.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the sap-sucking insect is an aphid.