Power over ethernet using shielded single twisted wire pair
View Patent ↗A PoE system includes a PSE connected via a shielded twisted wire pair to a PD, where differential data is transmitted over only the wire pair, and where DC power is transmitted via the wires in the wire pair conducting a DC voltage in parallel while using the shield conductor as ground. A low power handshaking routine is performed by a PSE controller and a PD controller by conducting a source current through the wires in parallel and a return current through the shield conductor. Center tap auto-transformers are used to connect the two wires to the PSE and PD controllers and to a DC voltage source in the PSE. After a successful handshaking routine, the PSE couples the DC voltage source between the wire pair and the shield conductor by closing a first power switch. The PD controller then closes a second power switch to power a load.
1. A Power over Ethernet (PoE) system comprising:
Power Source Equipment (PSE) configured to be coupled to a Powered Device (PD) via a single wire pair and a shield conductor surrounding the wire pair, wherein the PSE is configured to communicate differential data signals over the wire pair;
first AC coupling components connected between first digital communications circuitry in the PSE and the wire pair, wherein the first AC coupling components comprise capacitors;
a first inductor having a first terminal coupled to a first wire in the wire pair;
a second inductor having a first terminal coupled to a second wire in the wire pair;
the first inductor having a second terminal coupled to a second terminal of the second inductor at a first common node, wherein the first inductor and the second inductor comprise a center-tapped auto-transformer;
the PSE comprising a PSE controller, wherein the PSE controller is configured to perform a low power handshaking routine, via the wire pair and the shield conductor, to determine PoE requirements of the PD, wherein the first wire and the second wire carry handshaking signals in parallel via the first inductor and the second inductor; and
a first power switch in the PSE, the PSE controller being configured for closing the first power switch after the handshaking routine, resulting in a first terminal of a DC voltage source being coupled to the first common node, and a second terminal of the voltage source being coupled to the shield conductor, for supplying a DC voltage to the PD to power the PD.
2. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the first digital communications circuitry comprises a one wire-pair Ethernet PHY.
3. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the PSE controller is configured to detect a signature of the PD, as part of the handshaking routine, to determine if the PD is PoE-compatible, wherein the PD includes a signature component coupled across the wire pair and the shield conductor for detection of the signature component by the PSE controller.
4. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the handshaking routine performed by the PSE classifies power requirements of the PD.
5. The circuit of claim 1 further comprising the PD, wherein the PD comprises:
second AC coupling components connected between second digital communications circuitry in the PD and the wire pair;
a third inductor having a first terminal coupled to the first wire in the wire pair;
a fourth inductor having a first terminal coupled to the second wire in the wire pair;
the third inductor having a second terminal coupled to a second terminal of the fourth inductor at a second common node; and
the PD comprising a PD controller, wherein the PD controller is configured to perform the low power handshaking routine, in conjunction with the PSE controller, via the wire pair and the shield conductor, to determine the PoE requirements of the PD, wherein the first wire and the second wire carry the handshaking signals in parallel via the third inductor and the fourth inductor.
6. The circuit of claim 5 further comprising a second switch in the PD coupled between the second common node and a PD load to supply the DC voltage to the PD load when the second switch is closed.
7. The circuit of claim 6 wherein the PD load has a first terminal coupled to the shield conductor and a second terminal coupled to the second switch.
8. The circuit of claim 5 wherein the PD controller includes a signature component coupled across the wire pair and the shield conductor for detection of the signature component by the PSE controller, as part of the handshaking routine, to determine if the PD is PoE-compatible.
9. The circuit of claim 8 wherein the signature component comprises a signature resistance coupled between the second common node and the shield conductor.
10. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the PSE controller is coupled to the first wire and the second wire in the wire pair to communicate AC signals via the wire pair.
11. The circuit of claim 10 wherein the PSE controller is also coupled to the first common node of the first inductor and the second inductor, and also coupled to the shield conductor.
12. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the low power handshaking routine determines power requirements of the PD.
13. A method performed in a Power over Ethernet (PoE) system, the system including Power Source Equipment (PSE) coupled to a Powered Device (PD) via a single wire pair and a shield conductor surrounding the wire pair, wherein the PSE is configured to communicate differential data signals over the wire pair, the system also including a first inductor having a first terminal coupled to a first wire in the wire pair, and including a second inductor having a first terminal coupled to a second wire in the wire pair, the first inductor having a second terminal coupled to a second terminal of the second inductor at a first common node, the method comprising:
performing a low power handshaking routine, via the wire pair and the shield conductor, using a PSE controller, to determine PoE requirements of the PD, wherein the first wire and the second wire carry handshaking signals in parallel via the first inductor and second inductor, wherein the first inductor and the second inductor comprise a center-tapped auto-transformer; and
operating a first power switch in the PSE by the PSE controller, wherein the PSE controller closes the first power switch after the handshaking routine, resulting in a first terminal of a DC voltage source being coupled to the first common node, and a second terminal of the voltage source being coupled to the shield conductor, for supplying a DC voltage to the PD to power the PD.
14. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
communicating the differential data signals over the wire pair between first digital communications circuitry in the PSE and second digital communications circuitry in the PD.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein the low power handshaking routine comprises:
detecting a signature component in the PD coupled across the wire pair and the shield conductor for detection of the signature component by the PSE controller.
16. The method of claim 13 wherein the handshaking routine performed by the PSE classifies power requirements of the PD.
17. The method of claim 13 wherein the PD includes a third inductor having a first terminal coupled to the first wire in the wire pair, and a fourth inductor having a first terminal coupled to the second wire in the wire pair, the third inductor having a second terminal coupled to a second terminal of the fourth inductor at a second common node, the method further comprising:
closing a second switch in the PD, coupled between the second common node and a PD load, to supply the DC voltage to the PD load after the handshaking routine.