Securing against malicious control of circuit breakers in electrical substations
An example method for detecting and mitigating attacks on electric power substations comprises detecting a command to open or close a circuit breaker in the electric power substation. A modified extended substation model for the electric power substation is generated, based on the detected command and based on measurements in substation, where the modified extended substation model is a power flow model for the substation and for one or more directly connected neighboring substations. A power flow analysis is performed, using the modified extended substation model, to generate a predicted voltage for each of a plurality of nodes in the substation and in the one or more directly connected neighboring substations. Each predicted voltage is compared to a corresponding allowable voltage range, and execution of the command is blocked in response to determining that one or more of the voltages is outside the corresponding allowable voltage range.
1. A method, performed in at least one device in an electric power substation, the method comprising:
detecting a command to open or close a circuit breaker in, the electric power substation;
generating a modified extended substation model for the electric power substation, based on the detected command and based on measurements in the electric power substation, wherein the modified extended substation model is a power flow model for the electric power substation and for one or more directly connected neighboring substations;
determining that power flow calculations using the modified extended substation model do not converge; and
blocking execution of the command in response to said determining.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the blocking execution of the command in response to said determining is further in response to determining that a Jacobian matrix of the modified extended substation model is evaluated to be singular.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises generating a base extended substation model for the electric power substation, based on the measurements in the electric power substation and status information for the one or more directly connected neighboring substations, the base extended substation model comprising an admittance matrix representing connectivities in the electric power substation and in and to the directly connected neighboring substations, and wherein generating the modified extended substation model for the electric power substation comprises modifying the admittance matrix to reflect a connectivity that would result from executing the command to open or close the circuit breaker.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein generating the base extended substation model is triggered by the detecting the command to open or close the circuit breaker, and wherein said generating comprises retrieving current measurement data for each of a plurality of monitored points in the electric power substation, for use in performing a power flow analysis.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein performing a power flow analysis, using the modified extended substation model, comprises detecting power system islands, based on the modified extended substation model, and running the power flow analysis for each of the detected power system islands that includes a generator.