LIDAR system with speckle mitigation

1. A light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system, comprising:

a laser source to emit one or more optical beams, wherein the laser source is a frequency modulated laser, wherein an optical frequency of the one or more optical beams varies in accordance with a periodic frequency versus time function;

a scanning optical system to scan the one or more optical beams over a scene and capture reflections of the one or more optical beams from the scene; and

a measurement system to measure the reflections of the one or more optical beams from the scene, wherein

the measurement system divides the scene into a plurality of pixels, and

for each pixel of the plurality of pixels, the measurement system makes independent measurements of the reflections from N subpixels within the pixel, where N is an integer greater than 1, and combines the measurements of the reflections from the N subpixels to determine range and/or range rate for the pixel, wherein:

the scanning optical system causes N scanned optical beams to respectively illuminate the N subpixels within each pixel, and

the measurement system comprises, for each of the N scanned optical beams:

an optical combiner that combines a respective local oscillator beam with the reflection from the respective subpixel, and

a photodetector that receives the combined local oscillator beam and reflection from the optical combiner and converts the combined local oscillator beam and reflection into an electrical signal.

2. The LIDAR system of claim 1 , wherein

for each pixel of the plurality of pixels, the measurement system combines measurements of the reflections from the N subpixels independent of phases of the reflections from the multiple subpixels.

3. The LIDAR system of claim 1 , wherein

for each pixel of the plurality of pixels, the measurement system measures the reflections from at least some of the N subpixels sequentially.

4. The LIDAR system of claim 1 , wherein

for each pixel of the plurality of pixels, the measurement system measures the reflections from at least some of the N subpixels concurrently.

5. The LIDAR system of claim 1 , wherein

the periodic frequency versus time function is one of a sawtooth function and a triangle function.

6. The LIDAR system of claim 1 , wherein

the measurement system measures the reflections from multiple sub-pixels during each period of the periodic frequency versus time function.

7. The LIDAR system of claim 1 , wherein the measurement system further comprises:

a data processor to determine the range and/or range rate for each pixel based on the electrical signals from the respective photodetectors for the N scanned optical beams.

8. The LIDAR system of claim 1 , wherein the measurement system further comprises:

a multibeam optical circulator configured to:

receive the reflections from the N subpixels from the scanning optical system and direct the reflections to the respective optical combiners.

9. The LIDAR system of claim 8 , wherein

the one or more optical beams emitted by the laser source are N optical beams,

the measurement system includes N optical taps, each optical tap to extract a portion of a respective one of the N optical beams to provide a respective local oscillator beam, and

the multibeam optical circulator receives the N optical beams from the respective optical taps and directs the N optical beams to the scanning optical system.

10. The LIDAR system of claim 9 , wherein the scanning optical system comprises:

a lens to receive the N optical beams from the multibeam optical circulator and collimate the N optical beams to form N collimated beams; and

a scanning mirror that receives the N collimated beams from the first lens and scans the N collimated beams over the scene.

11. The LIDAR system of claim 9 , wherein the scanning optical system comprises:

a first lens to receive the N optical beams from the multibeam optical circulator and collimate the N optical beams to form N first collimated beams;

a scanning mirror that receives the N first collimated beams from the first lens and scans the N collimated beams over a scan angle;

a second lens to receive the N first collimated beams from the scanning mirror and focus the N first collimated beams to form N respective converging beams;

a microlens array disposed proximate a focal plane of the second lens, the microlens array configured such that each of the N converging beams fills a respective microlens element of the microlens array, the micro lens array further configured to further focus the N converging beams to form N respective focused beams; and

a third lens to collimate the N focused beams to provide N second collimated beams directed towards the scene.

12. The LIDAR system of claim 8 , wherein

the one or more optical beams emitted from the laser source is a single source beam,

the measurement system includes an optical tap to extract a portion of the source beam to provide N local oscillator beams, and

the multibeam optical circulator receives the source beam from the optical tap and directs the source beam to the scanning optical system.

13. The LIDAR system of claim 12 , wherein the scanning optical system comprises:

a first lens to receive the source beam from the multibeam optical circulator and collimate the source beam to form a first collimated beam;

a scanning mirror that receives the first collimated beam from the first lens and scans the first collimated beam over a scan angle;

a second lens to receive the first collimated beam from the scanning mirror and focus the first collimated beams to form a first converging beam;

a microlens array disposed proximate a focal plane of the second lens, the microlens array configured such that the first converging beam fills N microlens elements of the microlens array, the micro lens array further configured to further focus the first converging beams to form N respective focused beams; and

a third lens to collimate the N focused beams to provide N second collimated beams directed towards the scene.

14. A light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system, comprising:

a laser source to emit an optical beam;

a scanning optical system to scan the optical beam over a scene and capture reflections of the optical beam from the scene, wherein the scanning optical system further comprises:

a first lens to collimate the optical beam to form a first collimated beam;

a scanning mirror that receives the first collimated beam from the first lens and scans the first collimated beam over a scan angle;

a second lens to receive the first collimated beam from the scanning mirror and focus the first collimated beam to form a converging beam;

a microlens array disposed proximate a focal plane of the second lens, the microlens array configured such that the converging beam fills a respective microlens element of the microlens array, the micro lens array further configured to further focus the converging beams to form a focused beam; and

a third lens to collimate the focused beam to provide a second collimated beam directed towards the scene; and

a measurement subsystem to measure reflections captured by the scanning optical system to determine range and/or range rate for each pixel of the scene.

15. The LIDAR system of claim 14 , wherein the measurement system comprises:

an optical tap that separates a portion of the optical beam to provide a local oscillator beam; and

an optical combiner that combines the local oscillator beam with a reflection from the respective subpixel, and

a photodetector that receives the combined local oscillator beam and reflection from the optical combiner and converts the combined local oscillator beam and reflection into an electrical signal.

16. The LIDAR system of claim 15 , wherein the measurement system further comprises:

an optical circulator configured to:

receive the optical beam from the optical tap and direct the optical beam to the scanning optical system, and

receive the reflections from the scanning optical system and direct the reflections to the optical combiner.