Wearable cardiac defibrillation system with electrode assemblies having pillow structure
In embodiments, a wearable cardiac defibrillation (WCD) system includes one or more electrode assemblies. The WCD system may have a support structure that is dimensioned to be worn so as to press the electrode assembly towards the body of the patient. The electrode assembly may have an electrode, and a compressible pillow structure that is compressed when the electrode assembly is pressed towards the body of the patient.
1. A Wearable Cardiac Defibrillator (WCD) system, comprising:
a support structure configured to be worn by a patient, the support structure dimensioned relative to a body of the patient to be so worn with a nonzero internal tension that causes a nonzero pressure to be exerted onto the body;
an electronics module;
an electrode assembly including an electrode and a pillow structure, the electrode assembly configured to be coupled to the support structure so that the pillow structure remains pressed against the body due to the nonzero pressure when the support structure is so worn, the pillow structure flexible enough so as to acquire a first shape due to electrode assembly being subjected to the nonzero pressure when the support structure is so worn, but a second shape different from the first shape when the pillow structure alone is deposited on a flat level surface without the pillow structure being subjected to an external pressure; and
a signal conductor configured to couple electronically the electronics module and the electrode when the support structure and the support structure is so worn.
2. The WCD system of claim 1 , in which
the electrode has a main surface with an average thickness measured in a direction perpendicular to the main surface of less than 4 mm.
3. The WCD system of claim 1 , in which
the electrode has a main surface with an average thickness measured in a direction perpendicular to the main surface of less than 2 mm.
4. The WCD system of claim 1 , in which
the electrode includes a metal foil.
5. The WCD system of claim 1 , in which
the electrode includes a material that includes silicone.
6. The WCD system of claim 1 , in which
the electrode includes a material that includes a conductive silicone rubber.
7. The WCD system of claim 1 , in which
the electrode includes a material that includes a conductive silicone rubber that contains one of carbon, carbon nanotubes, particles of a metal, and metal nanoparticles.
8. The WCD system of claim 1 , in which
the electrode includes a material that includes polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone rubber.
9. The WCD system of claim 1 , in which
the electrode has a main surface that has at least one hole.
10. The WCD system of claim 1 , in which
the first shape is a squeezed version of the second shape.
11. The WCD system of claim 1 , in which
the pillow structure includes a piece of a foam.
12. The WCD system of claim 1 , in which
the pillow structure includes a pouch filled with a fluid.
13. The WCD system of claim 1 , in which
the pillow structure includes a pouch filled with air.
14. The WCD system of claim 1 , in which
the electrode assembly further includes a flexible inner conductor that flexes when the pillow structure transitions from the first shape to the second shape, and
the signal terminal is electrically coupled to the electrode via the flexible inner conductor.
15. The WCD system of claim 14 , in which
the flexible inner conductor includes a fabric that is coated with a metal.
16. The WCD system of claim 14 , in which
the flexible inner conductor includes a fabric that is coated with silver.
17. The WCD system of claim 14 , in which
the flexible inner conductor includes a fabric that is adhered to the electrode via a conductive adhesive.
18. The WCD system of claim 14 , in which
the flexible inner conductor includes a fabric that is adhered to the electrode via a conductive double-sided pressure sensitive adhesive.
19. The WCD system of claim 14 , in which
the flexible inner conductor includes a conductive fabric that is overmolded with the electrode.
20. The WCD system of claim 1 , in which
the electrode assembly further includes a signal terminal electrically coupled to the electrode, and
the signal conductor is configured to couple electronically the electronics module and the signal terminal when the support structure is so worn.
21. The WCD system of claim 20 , in which
the signal terminal is part of an electro-mechanical connector.
22. The WCD system of claim 20 , in which
the signal terminal is part of a snap mechanical contact.
23. The WCD system of claim 20 , in which
the electrode assembly further includes, between the electrode and the signal terminal, a moisture barrier.
24. The WCD system of claim 23 , in which
the moisture barrier is between the electrode and the pillow structure.
25. The WCD system of claim 23 , in which
the electrode has a main surface that has holes.
26. The WCD system of claim 23 , in which
the moisture barrier is between the electrode and the pillow structure,
the electrode has a main surface that has holes.
27. The WCD system of claim 20 , in which
the electrode assembly further includes an electrostatic shield between the signal terminal and the electrode.
28. The WCD system of claim 27 , in which
the electrostatic shield includes a metal foil encased in a tape.
29. The WCD system of claim 1 , in which
the electrode assembly further includes a cover that surrounds the pillow structure at least in part.
30. The WCD system of claim 29 , in which
the cover is flexible and flexes when the pillow structure transitions from the first shape to the second shape.
31. The WCD system of claim 29 , in which
the cover surrounds the pillow structure completely.
32. The WCD system of claim 29 , in which
the electrode assembly further includes a backing which, together with the cover, completely surround the pillow structure.