Intragastric volume-occupying device and method for fabricating same
Intragastric volume-occupying devices and methods for treating obesity are provided. The devices, which are inflated by carbon dioxide, include an aluminum or silicon oxide barrier layer providing carbon dioxide retention and an alkylene vinyl alcohol polymer layer providing structural integrity in vivo.
1. A drug delivery device comprising:
a balloon comprising a composite wall structure configured to maintain a CO 2 leak rate of less than or equal to 40 cc/m 2 /day at 37° C., wherein the composite wall structure comprises:
a supporting film structure comprising a polyethylene outer layer and having a Young's Modulus of 500 Mpa or greater and configured to be proximal to a gastric environment or a central lumen of the balloon,
a first CO 2 barrier layer comprising ethylene vinyl alcohol and configured such that its CO 2 barrier properties are not substantially affected by exposure to humidity levels within the gastric environment or within the central lumen of the balloon, and
a second CO 2 barrier layer comprising nylon and configured such that its CO 2 barrier properties are not substantially affected by mechanical forces during processing, compacting, or application of external gastric pressures; and
a drug delivery subcomponent.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the drug delivery subcomponent further comprises a pharmaceutical substance.
3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical substance is incorporated into a material forming the balloon.
4. The device of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical substance is incorporated into the first CO 2 barrier layer or the second CO 2 barrier layer of the volume-occupying subcomponent or a lubricious coating applied to the volume-occupying subcomponent.
5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the first CO 2 barrier layer or the second CO 2 barrier layer comprises a polymer, and wherein release or diffusion properties of the pharmaceutical substance are preselected by modifying characteristics of the polymer or by changing a ratio of hydrophobic to hydrophilic molecules in the composition of the polymer.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the drug delivery subcomponent comprises a pharmaceutical substance in at least one degradable pocket formed on an interior surface or an exterior surface of the balloon.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the drug delivery subcomponent comprises a pharmaceutical substance coated on the outside of the balloon.
8. The device of claim 7 , wherein the pharmaceutical substance is incorporated or implanted into a polymer which is sprayed, sputter coated, vapor deposited or applied in liquid form onto an outside of the balloon.
9. The device of claim 7 wherein the drug delivery subcomponent comprises a microporous, microsphere, or meshed exterior on the outside of the balloon.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the drug delivery subcomponent comprises a pharmaceutical substance incorporated into an interior volume of the balloon.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the drug delivery subcomponent comprises a pharmaceutical substance incorporated into a subcompartment of the balloon.
12. The device of claim 2 , wherein the drug delivery subcomponent is configured to gradually release the pharmaceutical substance by a pump, a valve, a head breakage, or a disintegration of a head component.
13. The device of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical substance is fixed in a biodegradable plug material configured to release the pharmaceutical substance as the biodegradable plug material degrades in the stomach.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein an outer layer of the volume-occupying subcomponent possesses antimicrobial properties.
15. The device of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical substance comprises silver ions, and wherein a wall of the balloon comprises a material adapted for ion transfer across it, such that, in vivo, the silver ions diffuse out of the volume-occupying subcomponent or onto its exterior surface, thereby imparting antimicrobial properties to the volume-occupying subcomponent.
16. The device of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical substance is adapted to control stomach acid and other gastrointestinal conditions such as ulcers and GERD and is selected from the group consisting of proton pump inhibitors, Prilosec, Nexium, Prevacid, Protonix, Aciphex, H 2 receptor antagonists, Tagamet, Pepcid, Axid, Zantac, and Rotane.
17. The device of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical substance is adapted to control nausea and vomiting and is selected from the group consisting of 5HT3 antagonists such as compazine, dolasetron, granisetron, ondansetron, tropisetron, palonosetron or dopamine antagonists such as domperidone, droperidol, haloperidol, chlorpromazine, promethazine, prochlorperazine, metoclopramide, alizapride or antihistamines (H1 receptor antagonists) such as cyclizine, diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, meclizine, promethazine, hydroxyzine or cannabinoids.
18. The device of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical substance is adapted to control body weight and is selected from the group consisting of serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, fluoxetine, noradrenergic re-uptake inhibitors, phentermine, a serotonin and noradrenergic re-uptake inhibitor, sibutramine, an intestinal lipase inhibitor, orlistat, Leptin, amylin, melanocortin-4 receptor agonists, neuropeptide Y antagonists, beta(3) adrenergic agonists, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, CB1 endocannabinoid receptor antagonists, and CNS modulators that mediate appetite and energy expenditure.
19. The device of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical substance is adapted to control blood glucose levels and is selected from the group consisting of sulfonylureas, meglitinides, nateglinides, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, and alpha-glucose inhibitors.
20. The device of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical substance is a satiety signaling substance or substance that modulates hormone levels.
21. The device of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical substance is a laxative agent adapted to facilitate the passage of the volume-occupying subcomponent from the body when it is in its deflated state.
22. The device of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical substance modulates gastric emptying or gastric adsorption and is cholestyramine.
23. The device of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical substance is selected from the group consisting of an analgesic, acetaminophen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a salicylate, a narcotic drug, and morphine.
24. The device of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical substance reduces nicotine and/or tobacco craving and is selected from the group consisting of varenicline, bupropion, and nortriptyline.
25. The device of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical substance is a birth control substance and is selected from the group consisting of estrogen, progestin, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and combinations thereof.
26. The device of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical substance is an antibiotic or antibacterial substance.
27. The device of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical substance is an antacid.