Apparatus and method for gaseous emissions treatment using induction heating with movable heat profile
An assembly for treating gaseous emissions has a substrate with cells for the passage of an emissions gas to be treated and inductive heating elements located in some of the cells. An electromagnetic field generator mounted near the substrate generates a varying electromagnetic field, so as to inductively heat the inductive heating elements and so heat the substrate. Some of the inductive heating elements have a first natural resonant frequency other inductive elements have a second natural resonant frequency different from the first resonant frequency. A power supply for the electromagnetic field generator is operated with a frequency closer to the first resonant frequency for a time and is operated with a frequency closer to the second resonant frequency period for a subsequent time period. By switching between the frequencies at different times, the heating profile can be moved in the substrate.
1. An assembly for treating gaseous emissions comprising a substrate body having a plurality of cells for the passage of emissions gas to be treated, an elongate inductive heating element contained in each of a first set of the plurality of cells but not in a second set of the plurality of cells, the first set being less in number than the second set, and an electromagnetic field generator mounted adjacent the substrate body for generating a varying electromagnetic field, thereby inductively to heat the inductive heating elements and thereby to heat the substrate body, wherein the inductive heating elements of a first group thereof have a first resonant frequency and the inductive elements of a second group thereof have a second resonant frequency different from the first resonant frequency, the electromagnetic field generator including a controller for generating the varying electromagnetic field at a frequency closer to the first resonant frequency than the second resonant frequency for a first time period and for generating the varying electromagnetic field at a frequency closer to the second resonant frequency than the first resonant frequency for a subsequent second time period.
2. The assembly as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the inductive heating elements of the first group are made at least in part of a first material and the inductive heating elements of the second group are made at least in part of a second material different from the first material.
3. The assembly as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the inductive heating elements of the first group are of a first size and the inductive heating elements of the second group are of a second size different from the first size.
4. The assembly as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the inductive heating elements of the first group are predominantly located towards one end of the substrate body and the inductive heating elements of the second group are predominantly located towards the other end of the substrate body.
5. The assembly as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the inductive heating elements of the first group are predominantly located towards a radially outer part of the substrate body and the inductive heating elements of the second group are predominantly located towards a radially inner part of the substrate body.
6. The assembly as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the inductive heating elements of the first group are interspersed with the inductive heating elements of the second group across the substrate body.
7. The assembly as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the interspersal is a regular checkerboard arrangement of the inductive heating elements of the first group and the inductive heating elements of the second group.
8. The assembly as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the first material is or contains one of the group consisting of iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), stainless steel, ferritic (FeCr), kanthal (FeCrAl) and alloys thereof.
9. The assembly as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the second material is or contains one of the group consisting of aluminum, copper, brass, silicon, carbon, graphite, or combinations thereof.
10. An assembly for treating gaseous emissions comprising a substrate body having a plurality of cells for the passage of emissions gas to be treated, an elongate inductive heating element contained in each of a first set of the plurality of cells but not in a second set of the plurality of cells, the first set being less in number than the second set, and an electromagnetic field generator mounted adjacent the substrate body for generating a varying electromagnetic field, thereby inductively to heat the inductive heating elements and thereby to heat the substrate body, wherein at least one of the inductive heating elements has a material composition that varies along its length whereby a first part of said inductive heating element has a first resonant frequency and a second part of the elongate inductive heating element has a second resonant frequency different from the first resonant frequency, the electromagnetic field generator including a controller for setting the frequency of the varying electromagnetic field closer to the first resonant frequency than the second resonant frequency for a first time period and for setting the frequency of the varying electromagnetic field closer to the second resonant frequency than the first resonant frequency for a subsequent second time period.
11. A method of treating gaseous emissions using a substrate body having a plurality of cells for the passage of emissions gas, an elongate inductive heating element contained in each of a first set of the plurality of cells but not in a second set of the plurality of cells, the first set being less in number than the second set, and an electromagnetic field generator mounted adjacent the substrate body for generating a varying electromagnetic field, thereby inductively to heat the inductive heating elements and thereby to heat the substrate body, wherein a first group of the inductive heating elements has a first resonant frequency and a second group of the inductive heating elements has a second resonant frequency different from the first resonant frequency, the method comprising setting a frequency of the varying electromagnetic field closer to the first resonant frequency than the second resonant frequency for a first time period and setting the frequency of the varying electromagnetic field closer to the second resonant frequency than the first resonant frequency for a second time period.
12. The method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein setting the frequency of the varying electromagnetic field closer to the first resonant frequency than the second resonant frequency for the first time period results in the substrate being heated to a first temperature and setting the frequency of the varying electromagnetic field closer to the second resonant frequency than the first resonant frequency for the second time period results in the substrate being heated to a second temperature different from the first temperature.
13. The method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein setting the frequency of the varying electromagnetic field closer to the first resonant frequency than the second resonant frequency for the first time period results in a region of the substrate being maintained at a catalyst light-off temperature.
14. The method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein setting the frequency of the varying electromagnetic field closer to the first resonant frequency than the second resonant frequency for the first time period results in a front region of the substrate being heated to a temperature higher than a back region of the substrate and setting the frequency of the varying electromagnetic field closer to the second resonant frequency than the first resonant frequency for the second time period results in a back region of the substrate being heated to a temperature higher than a front region of the substrate.
15. The method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein setting the frequency of the varying electromagnetic field closer to the first resonant frequency than the second resonant frequency for the first time period results in the first group of inductive heating elements being heated to a temperature higher than the second group of inductive heating elements and setting the frequency of the varying electromagnetic field closer to the second resonant frequency than the first resonant frequency for the second time period results in the second group of inductive heating elements being heated to a temperature higher than the first group of inductive heating elements.
16. The method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein setting the frequency of the varying electromagnetic field closer to the first resonant frequency than the second resonant frequency for the first time period results in the first group of inductive heating elements being heated to a temperature marginally less than the Curie temperature of the material of the inductive heating elements of the first group and setting the frequency of the varying electromagnetic field closer to the second resonant frequency than the first resonant frequency for the second time period results in the second group of inductive heating elements being heated to a temperature marginally less than the Curie temperature of the material of the inductive heating elements of the second group.