High density rigid molded body of composite mycological material
A mycological composite material is made by inoculating a substrate of fibrous material with an inoculum of mycelial tissue; rolling the inoculated substrate into a roll; and thereafter incubating the rolled inoculated substrate for a time sufficient for the mycelial tissue to grow hyphae that enmesh with the substrate to form a cohesive unified filamentous network with the rolled inoculated substrate being characterized in being flexible. The rolled inoculated substrate is subsequently processed by subjecting lengths of the roll to heat and pressure in molds to form rigid products.
1. A process for forming a unified filamentous network of mycological material, comprising:
providing a mycological material comprising mycelial tissue of a filamentous fungus enmeshed in a support web of porous material, wherein the support web of porous material contacts the mycelial tissue in alternating layers;
obtaining a length of the mycological material; and
molding the length of mycological material with sufficient heat and pressure to bond the mycological material and to shape the mycological material into a preconfigured shape.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mycelial tissue comprises hyphae enmeshed in the support web of porous material, further comprising:
contacting the support web of porous material with a substrate such as to form a plurality of alternating layers of the mycelial tissue and the support web of porous material, wherein the support web of porous material comprises a plurality of fibers.
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of fibers comprises woven fibers.
4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of fibers comprises non-woven fibers.
5. The process of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of fibers is selected from the group consisting of: cellulosic fibers and synthetic fibers.
6. The process of claim 2 , wherein the hyphae extend around the plurality of fibers.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mycological material comprises a substrate comprising a plurality of fibers, the mycelial tissue comprising hyphae that extend through and enmesh in the support web of porous material.
8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the support web of porous material comprises a synthetic material.
9. The process of claim 7 , wherein the support web of porous material comprises a plastic material.
10. The process of claim 9 , wherein the support web of porous material comprises a plastic mesh.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein molding the length of mycological material with sufficient heat and pressure comprises applying heat to the mycological material at a temperature of between 25° C. and 2000° C.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein molding the length of mycological material with sufficient heat and pressure comprises applying pressure to the mycological material at a pressure of between 0.1 pounds per square inch and 1000 pounds per square inch.
13. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:
positioning the length of the mycological material on a mold form,
and wherein molding the length of mycological material with sufficient heat and pressure comprises applying heat and pressure such that the mycological material has a shape that conforms to the mold form.
14. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:
positioning the length of the mycological material on a flat surface, wherein molding the length of mycological material with sufficient heat and pressure comprises applying heat and pressure using a heated press to form a high density rigid molded sheet of mycological material.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mycological material comprises a water content, and wherein providing the mycological material comprises:
dehydrating the mycological material such that the water content of the mycological material is less than 20% water by mass.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mycelial tissue comprises chitin and glucan-containing mycelial cells.
17. The process of claim 16 , wherein molding the length of mycological material with sufficient heat and pressure further comprises applying steam to activate the glucan within the mycelial tissue to form crosslinking between the chitin and glucan throughout the mycological material.
18. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:
(a) selecting a substrate for inoculation with the filamentous fungus; (b) inoculating the substrate with the filamentous fungus;
(c) contacting the substrate with the support web of porous material;
(d) incubating the substrate such that the filamentous fungus colonizes the substrate and enmeshes with the support web of porous material;
(e) repeating steps (b)-(d) such as to generate the alternating layers.