Photocurable electron deficient olefin-containing compositions
This invention relates to photocurable electron deficient olefin-containing compositions, such as those containing certain 2-cyanoacrylates, 2-cyanopentadienoates, methylidene malonates, and vinylidine cyanide, and photolatent bases. When exposed to radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum, the compositions show a delay cure property.
1. A photocurable composition comprising:
(a) An electron deficient olefin; and
(b) A photolatent base, wherein the photolatent base is within the following structure:
wherein X is X is any one of hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyl, thiol or heteroalkyl, Y is an alkylene linkage, Ra is an alkyl group having from one to four carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having from two to four carbon atoms, Rb is an alkyl group having from one to four carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having from two to four carbon atoms, Rc is an alkyl group having from one to four carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having from two to four carbon atoms, or Rb and Rc taken together form a cyclic ring structure of three to seven ring atoms, which may be interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, and n is 0 or 1.
2. A photocurable composition comprising:
(a) An electron deficient olefin; and
(b) A photolatent base, wherein the photolatent base is a member selected from the group consisting of [(α-methyl-2-nitrobenzyl) oxycarbonyl]morpholine, [(2-nitrobenzyl)oxycarbonyl] dimethylamine, and 2-(2-nitrophenyl)propoxycarbonyl piperidine.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the electron deficient olefin is a member selected from the group consisting of 2-cyanoacrylates, 2-cyanopentadienoates, methylidene malonates, and vinylidine cyanide.
4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the 2-cyanoacrylate is a member selected from the group consisting of mono-functional 2-cyanoacrylates, di-functional cyanoacrylates, poly-functional 2-cyanoacrylates and combinations thereof.
5. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the 2-cyanoacrylate is within the following structure:
wherein in this connection R 1 is selected from C 1-16 alkyl, C 2-16 alkoxyalkyl, C 3-16 cycloalkyl, C 2-16 alkenyl, C 2-16 alkynyl, C 5-16 aryl, C 7-16 arylalkyl, or C 1-16 haloalkyl groups.
6. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the 2-cyanoacrylate is selected from methyl cyanoacrylate, ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate, propyl cyanoacrylates, butyl cyanoacrylates, octyl cyanoacrylates, allyl cyanoacrylate, β-methoxyethyl cyanoacrylate and combinations thereof.
7. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a stabilizer package comprising at least one of a free radical stabilizer and an anionic stabilizer.
8. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of cure accelerators, thickeners, thixotropes, tougheners, thermal resistance-conferring agents, and plasticizers.
9. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising one or more coreactants selected from the group consisting of epoxides, episulfides, oxetanes, thioxetanes, dioxolanes, dioxanes, isocyanates, polyurethanes, polyamides, maleimides, oxazines, oxazolines, (meth)acrylates, acrylamides, and vinyl ethers.
10. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the electron deficient olefin is a member selected from the group consisting of 2-cyanoacrylates, 2-cyanopentadienoates, methylidene malonates, and vinylidine cyanide.
11. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the 2-cyanoacrylate is a member selected from the group consisting of mono-functional 2-cyanoacrylates, di-functional cyanoacrylates, poly-functional 2-cyanoacrylates and combinations thereof.
12. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the 2-cyanoacrylate is within the following structure:
wherein in this connection R 1 is selected from C 1-16 alkyl, C 2-16 alkoxyalkyl, C 3-16 cycloalkyl, C 2-16 alkenyl, C 2-16 alkynyl, C 5-16 aryl, C 7-16 arylalkyl, or C 1-16 haloalkyl groups.
13. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the 2-cyanoacrylate is selected from methyl cyanoacrylate, ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate, propyl cyanoacrylates, butyl cyanoacrylates, octyl cyanoacrylates, allyl cyanoacrylate, β-methoxyethyl cyanoacrylate and combinations thereof.
14. The composition of claim 10 , further comprising a stabilizer package comprising at least one of a free radical stabilizer and an anionic stabilizer.
15. The composition of claim 10 , further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of cure accelerators, thickeners, thixotropes, tougheners, thermal resistance-conferring agents, and plasticizers.
16. The composition of claim 10 , further comprising one or more coreactants selected from the group consisting of epoxides, episulfides, oxetanes, thioxetanes, dioxolanes, dioxanes, isocyanates, polyurethanes, polyamides, maleimides, oxazines, oxazolines, (meth)acrylates, acrylamides, and vinyl ethers.