Rear-facing perception system for vehicles

1. A method for operating a rear-facing perception unit in a vehicle, the rear-facing perception unit comprising a control unit, two corner units, and a center unit, each of the two corner units and the center unit comprising a camera module, a dual-band transceiver, and a power module, the method comprising:

pairing with the control unit in response to detecting, by an inertial measurement unit (IMU) at the control unit, an acceleration greater than or equal to a threshold acceleration, wherein the pairing comprises:

transmitting, in response to the detecting the acceleration greater than or equal to the threshold acceleration, a synchronization signal to the center unit and the two corner units that are positioned to provide an unobstructed view of an area around a rear of the vehicle,

wherein the synchronization signal is transmitted over a first frequency band that is non-overlapping with a second frequency band used for communications between the corner units and the center unit;

transmitting, upon successfully pairing, a first trigger signal to the two corner units, wherein the first trigger signal is transmitted over the second frequency band; and

switching, subsequent to transmitting the first trigger signal, to an active mode,

wherein the first trigger signal causes the two corner units to switch to the active mode,

wherein the power module comprises a battery,

wherein the camera module of the center unit comprises a fisheye camera, and

wherein the active mode comprises orienting the camera modules on the center unit and the two corner units to provide an unobstructed view of an area around a rear of the vehicle.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first frequency band comprises an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band, wherein the center unit comprises a low power 433 MHz (LPD433) device to perform the pairing, wherein the second frequency band comprises a Low Frequency (LF) band, and wherein one or more 125 kHz RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) modules transmit the first trigger signal.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pairing further comprises:

transmitting, in response to receiving the synchronization signal, a signal corresponding to a movement of the center unit.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein switching to the active mode comprises:

receiving, upon successfully pairing, a first wakeup signal over the first frequency band.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

transmitting a second trigger signal to the two corner units, wherein the second trigger signal is transmitted over the second frequency band; and

switching, subsequent to transmitting the second trigger signal, to a power-saving mode,

wherein the power-saving mode comprises turning off the camera module, and

wherein the second trigger signal causes the two corner units to switch to the power-saving mode.

6. A system for rear-facing perception for a truck with a trailer, comprising:

a control unit affixable to the truck;

two corner units affixable to rear corners of the trailer using an attachment mechanism; and

a center unit affixable to a rear surface of the trailer using the attachment mechanism,

wherein each of the two corner units and the center unit comprises a camera module, a dual-band transceiver, a power module, and an inertial measurement unit (IMU),

wherein the camera modules of the two corner units and the center unit are oriented to provide an unobstructed view of an area around a rear of the trailer,

wherein the camera module of the center unit comprises a fisheye camera,

wherein the dual-band transceivers of the two corner units and the center unit are configured to:

perform a first set of wireless communications between the control unit and the center unit and two corner units over a first frequency band comprising:

pairing with the control unit in response to detecting, by an inertial measurement unit (IMU) at the control unit, an acceleration greater than or equal to a threshold acceleration,

wherein the pairing comprises transmitting, in response to detecting by an inertial measurement unit (IMU) an acceleration greater than or equal to a threshold acceleration, a synchronization signal to the center unit and the two corner units,

wherein the synchronization signal is transmitted over a first frequency band that is non-overlapping with a second frequency band used for communications between the corner units and the center unit;

transmitting, upon successfully pairing, a first trigger signal to the two corner units,

wherein the first trigger signal is transmitted over the second frequency band; and

switching, subsequent to transmitting the first trigger signal, to an active mode,

wherein the first trigger signal causes the two corner units to switch to the active mode,

wherein the active mode comprises orienting the camera modules on the center unit and the two corner units to provide an unobstructed view of an area around a rear of the vehicle.

7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the first frequency band comprises an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band, wherein the control unit comprises a low power 433 MHz (LPD433) device to perform the first set of wireless communications, wherein the second frequency band comprises a Low Frequency (LF) band, and wherein one or more 125 kHz RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) modules perform a second set of wireless communications.

8. The system of claim 6 , wherein the attachment mechanism is a magnetic panel, a suction panel, or a hook and fastener system.

9. The system of claim 6 , wherein the first set of wireless communications comprises a synchronization process, a wakeup process or a sleep process.

10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the synchronization process comprises:

detecting a first set of signals corresponding to a movement of the control unit;

detecting a second set of signals corresponding to movements of the center unit and the two corner units, wherein the second set of signals comprise the one or more measurements from the corresponding IMU;

comparing the first set of signals and the second set of signals; and

selectively communicating, based on the comparing, identification signals from the center unit and the two corner units to the control unit over the first frequency band.

11. The system of claim 9 , wherein the sleep process comprises:

determining a status of the vehicle;

detecting, based on the status of the vehicle, that the vehicle will not require use of the rear-facing perception unit for a predetermined duration of time; and

transmitting a sleep signal to the center unit and the two corner units over the first frequency band.

12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

receiving, at the control unit, IMU acceleration measurements from the center unit and the two corner units;

comparing the received IMU acceleration measurements to the detected IMU measurement at the control unit; and

storing, at the control unit in response to the received IMU acceleration measurements being equal to or nearly equal to the detected IMU measurement, identifiers for the center unit and the two corner units.

13. The system of claim 6 , wherein the pairing further comprises:

transmitting, in response to receiving the synchronization signal, a signal corresponding to a movement of the center unit.

14. The system of claim 6 , wherein switching to the active mode comprises:

receiving, upon successfully pairing, a first wakeup signal over the first frequency band.

15. The system of claim 6 , wherein the transmitting further comprises:

transmitting a second trigger signal to the two corner units, wherein the second trigger signal is transmitted over the second frequency band; and

switching, subsequent to transmitting the second trigger signal, to a power-saving mode,

wherein the power-saving mode comprises turning off the camera module, and

wherein the second trigger signal causes the two corner units to switch to the power-saving mode.

16. The system of claim 6 , wherein the control unit further performs:

receiving, at the control unit, IMU acceleration measurements from the center unit and the two corner units;

comparing the received IMU acceleration measurements to the detected IMU measurement at the control unit; and

storing, at the control unit in response to the received IMU acceleration measurements being equal to or nearly equal to the detected IMU measurement, identifiers for the center unit and the two corner units.