Systems, devices, and methods for optical waveguides
Systems, devices, and methods for optical waveguides that are well-suited for use in wearable heads-up displays (WHUDs) are described. An optical device comprises an optical waveguide including a volume of optically transparent material having a first longitudinal surface positioned opposite a second longitudinal surface across a width of the volume, an in-coupler, a liquid crystal out-coupler, and a controller to modulate a refractive index of the liquid crystal out-coupler. Light is in-coupled into the waveguide and is propagated along a length of the waveguide by total internal reflection between the longitudinal surfaces before being out-coupled by the liquid crystal out-coupler on a path that is dependent on the modulated refractive index of the liquid crystal out-coupler. In this way, light signals can be steered to create an image and/or to move an exit pupil of an image. WHUDs that employ such optical waveguides are also described.
1. An optical device comprising:
an optical waveguide comprising volume of optically transparent material to propagate light signals by total internal reflection, wherein the volume of optically transparent material has a first longitudinal surface and a second longitudinal surface, the second longitudinal surface opposite the first longitudinal surface across a width of the volume of optically transparent material;
an in-coupler;
a liquid crystal out-coupler to tunably steer an exit pupil of the optical device; and
a controller communicatively coupled to the liquid crystal out-coupler, wherein a refractive index of the liquid crystal out-coupler is modulatable to steer the exit pupil of the optical device in response to signals from the controller, and wherein:
the liquid crystal out-coupler is further configured to raster scan a sequence of light signals to create an image; and
the refractive index of the liquid crystal out-coupler is further modulatable to raster scan the sequence of light signals to create the image in response to signals from the controller.
2. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the liquid crystal out-coupler comprises a single modulatable region.
3. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the liquid crystal out-coupler comprises at least two distinct, independently modulatable regions.
4. The optical device of claim 1 further comprising a processor communicatively coupled to the controller to modulate the output signals from the controller.
5. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the in-coupler is a liquid crystal in-coupler to tunably steer the light signals and wherein the in-coupler is communicatively coupled to the controller and a refractive index of the in-coupler is modulatable in response to signals from the controller.
6. The optical device of claim 5 wherein the liquid crystal in-coupler comprises a single modulatable region.
7. The optical device of claim 5 wherein the liquid crystal in-coupler comprises at least two distinct, independently modulatable regions.
8. The optical device of claim 1 , further comprising:
as eyetracker to determine modulations of the refractive index of the liquid crystal out-coupler in order to steer the exit pupil of the optical device.