Method to generate acidic species in wellbore fluids
Certain sugars, when exposed to high temperatures, undergo oxidation to produce acidic species. Certain sugar alcohols are also acid precursors. The acidification process is a function of temperature, salinity, pH, and/or the presence of an agent, such as an accelerator or a retarder. The rate of acidification may be controlled within a filter cake breaker fluid in order to achieve a predetermined fluid pH after a selectable period of time. The time controllable nature of the acidification allows the development of filter cake breaker fluids with an engineered activity delay.
1. A method for breaking a filter cake in a wellbore and/or a subterranean formation, the method comprising:
introducing a breaker fluid into contact with the filter cake in a wellbore and/or a subterranean formation, where the breaker fluid comprises:
brine, and
at least one acid precursor selected from the group consisting of:
at least one sugar selected from the group consisting of glyceraldehyde, fructose, glucose, galactose, sucrose, trehalose, lactose, maltose, and combinations thereof; and
at least one sugar alcohol selected from the group consisting of glycerol, erythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, and combinations thereof; and
oxidizing or hydrolyzing the acid precursor to produce at least one acid to result in a fluid pH below a threshold effective to break the filter cake, where the rate of acidification is controlled by a method selected from the group consisting of:
a change in temperature;
a change in salinity;
the presence of an agent selected from the group consisting of at least one initiator and at least one retarder;
an initial breaker fluid pH; and
combinations thereof; and
at least partially breaking the filter cake by the acid.
2. The method of claim 1 where the pH threshold ranges between about 1 and about 6.
3. The method of claim 1 where:
when the acid precursor is at least one sugar the concentration of the at least one sugar in the breaker fluid ranges from about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt %; and
when the acid precursor is at least one sugar alcohol the concentration of the at least one sugar alcohol in the breaker fluid ranges from about 0.1 wt % to about 70 wt %.
4. The method of claim 1 where the brine is selected from the group consisting of halide brines and formate brines, and
when the brines are halide brines, the pH ranges from about 4 to about 8; and
when the brines are formate brines, the pH ranges from about 5 to about 10.
5. The method of claim 1 where controlling the rate of acidification is promoting the rate of acidification and the promoting the rate of acidification is selected from the group consisting of:
increasing the temperature of the breaker fluid;
providing a relatively low initial breaker fluid pH;
increasing the salinity;
introducing at least one initiator into the breaker fluid;
introducing at least one retarder into the breaker fluid; and
combinations thereof.
6. The method of claim 5 where:
controlling the rate of acidification comprises providing a relatively low initial pH;
the pH threshold ranges between about 1 and about 6; and
the difference between the relatively low initial pH and the pH threshold is at least 2 pH units.
7. The method of claim 5 where promoting the rate of acidification comprises introducing at least one accelerator or retarder into the breaker fluid, where the at least one accelerator or retarder is at least one organic salt.
8. The method of claim 7 where the accelerator or retarder is present in the breaker fluid in a concentration of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt %.
9. The method of claim 1 where controlling the rate of acidification is delaying the rate of acidification and the delaying the rate of acidification is selected from the group consisting of:
lowering the temperature of the breaker fluid;
providing a relatively high initial breaker fluid pH;
introducing at least one retarder into the breaker fluid; and
combinations thereof.
10. The method of claim 9 where:
controlling the rate of acidification comprising providing a relatively high initial pH of at least 8;
the pH threshold ranges between about 1 and about 6; and
the difference between the relatively low initial pH and the pH threshold is at least 2 pH units.
11. The method of claim 9 where controlling the rate of acidification is delaying the rate of acidification by introducing at least one retarder selected from the group consisting of pH buffering compounds, oxidizing agents, or combinations thereof.
12. The method of claim 11 where the retarder is present in the breaker fluid in a concentration of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt %.
13. A method for breaking a filter cake on in a wellbore and/or a subterranean formation, the method comprising:
introducing a breaker fluid into contact with the filter cake in a wellbore and/or a subterranean formation, where the breaker fluid comprises:
brine, and
an acid precursor selected from the group consisting of:
at least one sugar selected from the group consisting of glyceraldehyde, fructose, glucose, galactose, sucrose, trehalose, lactose, maltose, and combinations thereof, where the at least one sugar is present in a concentration from about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt %; and
at least one sugar alcohol selected from the group consisting of glycerol, erythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, and combinations thereof, where the at least one sugar alcohol is present in a concentration from about 0.1 wt % to about 70 wt %; and
oxidizing or hydrolyzing the acid precursor to produce at least one acid to result in a fluid pH below a threshold between about 1 and about 6 to break the filter cake, where the rate of acidification is controlled by a method selected from the group consisting of:
a change in temperature;
a change in salinity;
the presence of an agent selected from the group consisting of at least one accelerator and at least one retarder;
an initial breaker fluid pH; and
combinations thereof; and
at least partially breaking the filter cake by the acid.
14. The method of claim 13 where controlling the rate of acidification is promoting the rate of acidification and the promoting the rate of acidification is selected from the group consisting of:
increasing the temperature of the breaker fluid;
providing a relatively low initial breaker fluid pH of:
when the brine is a halide brine, from a pH of about 4 to a pH of about 8; and
when the brine is a formate brine, from a pH of about 5 to a pH of about 10;
increasing the salinity;
introducing at least one initiator into the breaker fluid; and
combinations thereof.
15. The method of claim 13 where controlling the rate of acidification is delaying the rate of acidification and the delaying the rate of acidification is selected from the group consisting of:
lowering the temperature of the breaker fluid;
providing a relatively high initial breaker fluid pH;
introducing at least one retarder into the breaker fluid; and
combinations thereof.
16. A method for breaking a filter cake in a wellbore and/or a subterranean formation, the method comprising:
introducing a breaker fluid into contact with the filter cake in a wellbore and/or a subterranean formation, where the breaker fluid comprises:
brine selected from the group consisting of halide brines and formate brines, and
an acid precursor selected from the group consisting of:
at least one sugar selected from the group consisting of glyceraldehyde, fructose, glucose, galactose, sucrose, trehalose, lactose, maltose, and combinations thereof, where the at least one sugar is present in a concentration from about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt %; and
at least one sugar alcohol selected from the group consisting of glycerol, erythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, and combinations thereof, where the at least one sugar alcohol is present in a concentration from about 0.1 wt % to about 70 wt %; and
oxidizing or hydrolyzing the acid precursor to produce at least one acid to result in a fluid pH below a threshold between about 1 and about 6 to break the filter cake, where the rate of acidification is delayed by a method selected from the group consisting of:
lowering the temperature of the breaker fluid;
providing a relatively high initial breaker fluid pH;
introducing at least one retarder into the breaker fluid; and
combinations thereof; and
at least partially breaking the filter cake by the acid.
17. The method of claim 16 where controlling the rate of acidification is delaying the rate of acidification by introducing at least one retarder selected from the group consisting of pH buffering compounds, oxidizing agents, or combinations thereof, where the retarder is present in the breaker fluid in a concentration of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt %.