Steam reformers, modules, and methods of use
The present disclosure is directed to steam reformers for the production of a hydrogen rich reformate, comprising a shell having a first end, a second end, and a passage extending generally between the first end and the second end of the shell, and at least one heat source disposed about the second end of the shell. The shell comprises at least one conduit member comprising at least one thermally emissive and high radiant emissivity material, at least partially disposed within the shell cavity. The shell further comprises at least one reactor module at least a portion of which is disposed within the shell cavity and about the at least one conduit member and comprises at least one reforming catalyst. The disclosure is also directed to methods of producing a hydrogen reformate utilizing the steam reformers, comprising the steps of combusting a combustible mixture in a burner to produce a combustion exhaust that interacts with the steam reactor module(s) through surface to surface radiation and convection heat transfer, and reforming a hydrocarbon fuel mixed with steam in the steam reformers to produce a hydrogen-containing reformate. The present disclosure is further directed to reactor modules for use with the above steam reformers and methods of producing a hydrogen reformate.
1. A reactor module, comprising:
a thermally conductive shell having a cavity, and a tube assembly disposed at least partially within the cavity, the tube assembly comprising:
a catalyst bed disposed within the cavity to receive heat conducted by the thermally conductive shell, the catalyst bed comprising at least one reforming catalyst;
a first channel configured to provide a reactant stream to at least a portion of the catalyst bed, said first channel comprising a first tube having a first end, a second end, and a passage extending generally between the first end and the second end of the first tube;
a second channel configured to receive a product stream from at least a portion of the catalyst bed, said second channel comprising a second tube having a first end, a second end, and a passage extending generally between the first end and the second end of the second tube;
a third tube having a first end, a second end and a passage extending generally between the first end and the second end of the third tube, and
a partition wall interposed between at least a portion of the first channel and at least a portion of the second channel through which heat is exchanged between at least a portion of the product stream and at least a portion of the reactant stream;
wherein said heat exchange substantially occurs within the cavity;
wherein at least a portion of the reactant stream converts to the product stream when at least a portion of the reactant stream interacts with at least a portion of the heated at least one reforming catalyst;
wherein at least a portion of the first tube is disposed within at least a portion of the passage of the third tube; and
wherein the third tube is in fluid communication with the second tube second end at the third tube first end.
2. The reactor module of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the reactant stream passing through the first channel is countercurrent to at least a portion of the product stream passing through the second channel.
3. The reactor module of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the first channel is disposed within at least a portion of the second channel.
4. The reactor module of claim 1 , wherein the partition wall comprises a thermally conductive material.
5. The reactor module of claim 1 , wherein
the first tube is in fluid communication with the catalyst bed at the first tube second end;
the second tube is in fluid communication with the catalyst bed at the second tube first end.
6. The reactor module of claim 5 , wherein the catalyst bed is disposed between the shell and the tube assembly.
7. The reactor module of claim 5 , wherein the first tube is at least partially disposed within the passage of the second tube, and the second tube is at least partially disposed within the passage of the third tube.
8. The reactor module of claim 5 , wherein the first end of the first tube includes a reactant entry port, and the second end of the third tube includes a product exit port.
9. The reactor module of claim 5 , wherein at least one of the first tube, the second tube, and the third tube comprise a thermally conductive material.
10. The reactor module of claim 5 , wherein the first tube, the second tube, and the third tube comprise a thermally conductive material.