Combination reactor gamma radiation power harvesting reactor power distribution measurement, and support to coolant freezing protection system for liquid metal and molten salt-cooled reactor systems
In a panel that uses the gamma radiation emitted by fission to produce electrical power, a source of an electrical current is connected to a layer of the panel made of a metal with a relatively high atomic number (Z) that forms an electron emitter. The emitter layer is surrounded by an insulation layer which in turn is surrounded by a relatively low Z value layer for collecting electrons from the emitter. Another layer of insulation and an outer sheath surround the collector. The improved panel may be used for reactor power level and power distribution measurements, and for initiating, maintaining or returning molten salt or metal coolants in the liquid state.
1. An apparatus comprising:
an outer sheathing of a first metal;
an electron generator comprising a second metal disposed within the sheathing and forming an emitter;
a positive output pin extending from the emitter through the sheathing;
an electron charge collector comprising a third metal disposed between the emitter and the sheathing;
a negative output pin extending from the collector through the sheathing, spaced and electrically insulated from the positive output pin;
a first layer of insulating material positioned between the sheathing and the collector and a second layer of insulating material positioned between the emitter and the collector;
wherein the emitter is coupled to a current source, the current source configured to provide current flow to the emitter;
wherein the first metal has an atomic number lower than an atomic number of the second metal; and
wherein the third metal has an atomic number lower than the atomic number of the second metal.
2. The apparatus recited in claim 1 wherein the current source is a battery.
3. The apparatus recited in claim 1 wherein the current source is a generator.
4. The apparatus recited in claim 1 wherein the current source is located external to a nuclear reactor vessel comprising the apparatus.
5. The apparatus recited in claim 1 wherein the current flow provided by the current source causes the emitter to generate heat.
6. The apparatus recited in claim 1 wherein the second metal is selected from tungsten, platinum, gold, cadmium, and lead.
7. The apparatus recited in claim 1 wherein the first metal and the third metal comprise an inconel alloy or a steel alloy.
8. The apparatus recited in claim 1 wherein the layer of insulation comprises aluminum oxide or magnesium oxide.
9. The apparatus recited in claim 1 wherein the apparatus is positioned adjacent an interior wall of a core of a nuclear reactor for housing at least fuel rods and coolant for generating heat sufficient to liquefy the coolant.
10. The apparatus recited in claim 9 wherein there are a plurality of apparatuses positioned in axial alignment along the length of the core for measuring the relative power distribution in the core.
11. The apparatus recited in claim 9 wherein there are a plurality of apparatuses positioned circumferentially around the interior of the core.
12. The apparatus recited in claim 11 wherein there are a plurality of apparatuses positioned in axial alignment along the length of the core for measuring the relative power distribution in the core.
13. The apparatus recited in claim 1 wherein the apparatus is supported on at least one wall of a fuel assembly cell of a modular fuel rack.
14. The apparatus recited in claim 13 wherein each wall of the fuel assembly cells of the modular fuel rack supports one apparatus.