Systems, devices, and methods for quality assurance of radiation therapy

1. A method for verifying radiation dose delivery, comprising:

generating radiation dose distribution images of measured radiation beams;

mapping and storing the generated dose distribution images as data points of a first data structure, the first data structure having, as dimensions, positional information and radiation dose information of the measured radiation beams;

comparing the data points of the first data structure with corresponding data points of a second data structure using a three-dimensional (3D) gamma portal dose distribution algorithm, the second data structure having, as dimensions, positional information and radiation dose information of predicted radiation beams; and

determining differences between the measured and predicted radiation beams based on a result of the comparison.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second data structures are three-dimensional (3D) data structures.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the positional information includes spatial and angular locations of the radiation beams.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the comparing includes comparing the data points in the first three-dimensional (3D) data structures with corresponding data points in the second three-dimensional (3D) data structure using the three-dimensional (3D) gamma portal dose distribution algorithm.

5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the determined differences include radiation dose differences, spatial differences, and angular differences.

6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining errors in the radiation dose delivery based on the determined differences.

7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising determining a source of the radiation dose delivery error, wherein the source comprises one or more of erroneous treatment parameter, variation in radiation beam delivery output, changes in subject setup, changes in subject shape, and subject organ motion.

8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising automatically responding to a detection of an error in the radiation dose delivery and responding in accordance with the type of error source detected.

9. A system for verifying radiation dose delivery, comprising:

an imaging device configured to generate radiation dose distribution images of measured radiation beams; and

a processing device operably connected to the imaging device and configured to:

map and store the generated dose distribution images as data points of a first data structure, the first data structure having, as dimensions, positional information and dose information of the measured radiation beams;

compare the data points of the first data structure with corresponding data points of a second data structure using a three-dimensional (3D) gamma portal dose distribution algorithm, the second data structure having, as dimensions, positional information and radiation dose information of predicted radiation beams; and

determine differences between the measured and predicted radiation beams based on a result of the comparison.

10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the first and second data structures are three-dimensional (3D) data structures.

11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the positional information includes spatial and angular locations of the radiation beams.

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the determined differences include radiation dose differences, spatial differences, and angular differences between the measured and predicted radiation beams.

13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the processing device is further configured to determine errors in the radiation dose delivery based on the comparison.

14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the processing device is further configured to determine one or more sources of the dose delivery error, wherein the one or more sources include erroneous treatment parameter, variation in radiation beam delivery output, changes in subject setup, changes in subject shape, and subject organ motion, and the processing device is further configured to automatically respond to a detection of an error in the radiation dose delivery and respond in accordance with a type of source of error detected.

15. The system of claim 9 , wherein the imaging device is an electronic portal imaging device (EPID).

16. A processing device, configured to:

store a first set of dose distribution images as data points of a first data structure, the first data structure having, as dimensions, positional information and dose information of measured radiation beams;

store a second set of dose distribution images as data points of a second data structure, the second data structure having, as dimensions, positional information and dose information of predicted radiation beams;

compare points of the first data structure with corresponding points in the second data structure using a three-dimensional (3D) gamma portal dose distribution algorithm; and

determine differences between the measured and predicted radiation beams based on a result of the comparison.

17. The processing device of claim 16 , wherein the first and second data structures are three-dimensional (3D) data structures.

18. The processing device of claim 17 , wherein the positional information includes spatial and angular locations of the radiation beams.

19. The processing device of claim 18 , wherein the determined differences include radiation dose differences, spatial differences, and angular differences.

20. The processing device of claim 19 , wherein the processing device is further configured to:

determine errors in the radiation dose delivery based on the comparison;

determine one or more sources of the dose delivery error, wherein the one or more sources include erroneous treatment parameter, variation in radiation beam delivery output, changes in subject setup, changes in subject shape, and subject organ motion; and

respond to a detection of an error in the radiation dose in accordance with a type of source of error detected.