Polymeric tubes with controlled orientation
Methods for preparing oriented polymer tubes, such as biodegradable polymer tubes suitable for in vivo use, are provided herein. The disclosed methods provide alternatives to the typical extrusion/expansion methods by which oriented polymeric tubes for such uses are commonly produced. Advantageously, the disclosed methods can provide more homogeneous molecular orientation of crystallizable polymers within the tube walls, which can endow such polymeric tubes with enhanced strength (e.g., resistance to compression) and toughness.
1. A method for producing a multilayered tube, comprising:
stretching at least one polymeric material, which comprises at least one crystallizable biodegradable polymeric material and has a first dimension, wherein the stretching is performed in a manner that increases the first dimension and that results in a controlled level of orientation;
forming a multilayered tube using the at least one polymeric material and at least one adhesive material layer or forming a multilayered tube using the at least one stretched polymeric material and at least one adhesive material layer, wherein the multilayer tube has an orientation profile that is substantially consistent throughout a wall of the multilayered tube.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stretching the at least one polymeric material comprises planar stretching.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the at least one polymeric material is one or more of a polymer film, a polymer monofilament, a polymer tape, and a polymer rod.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the at least one polymeric material has a second dimension, and
the stretching the at least one polymeric material comprises stretching the at least one polymeric material to increase the second dimension,
such that the at least one stretched polymeric material comprises a biaxially stretched polymeric material.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one adhesive polymeric material layer is in contact with the at least one stretched polymeric material before, during, or after the stretching of the at least one polymeric material.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
obtaining the at least one polymeric material based at least in part on combining the at least one adhesive material layer with the at least one crystallizable biodegradable polymeric material.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the at least one polymeric material is a composite polymeric material comprising the at least one crystallizable biodegradable polymeric material and the at least one adhesive material layer in layered form.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the at least one adhesive material layer and the at least one crystallizable biodegradable polymeric material are combined before, during, or after the at least one polymeric material is stretched.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming the tube comprises wrapping the at least one stretched polymeric material and the at least one adhesive material layer around a support.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the support has one or more of a cylindrical shape, a round shape, a rectangular shape, a triangular shape, an elliptical shape, a polygonal shape, and a tubular form.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the wrapping comprises wrapping the at least one stretched polymeric material and the at least one adhesive material layer around the support multiple times such that the multilayered tube comprises multiple layers of the at least one stretched polymeric material and multiple layers of the at least one adhesive material layer.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein:
the at least one stretched polymeric material comprises a plurality of units of stretched polymeric material,
the plurality of units of stretched polymeric material comprises different polymeric materials or a same polymeric material; and
the forming the multilayered tube comprises arranging the plurality of units of stretched polymeric material in at least one of a stacked manner and a staggered manner, and wrapping the arranged plurality of units of stretched polymeric material on a bias angle.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the support is a mandrel, and the method further comprises removing the multilayered tube from the mandrel.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the support comprises a device.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising forming a resulting composite based at least in part on the multilayered tube and the support, and the resulting composite is a medical device.
16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming a medical device based at least in part on the multilayered tube.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the forming the medical device comprises:
cutting the multilayered tube into a stent.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising applying one or more of a therapeutic, a covering, and a coating to the stent.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming the tube comprises subjecting the at least one stretched polymeric material to at least one of heat and pressure.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming the tube comprises:
forming a layered structure, the forming the layered structure comprising:
applying a shrink tube or shrink film around at least part of the at least one stretched polymeric material to give a layered structure, and
subjecting the layered structure to at least one of heat and pressure.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming the tube comprises:
inserting at least part of the at least one stretched polymeric material in a mold;
positioning the at least one stretched polymeric material over an expandable support; and
subjecting the at least one stretched polymeric material to at least one of heat and pressure.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the at least one crystallizable biodegradable polymeric material is selected from the group consisting of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA), poly(D-lactide) (PDLA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), polyglycolic acid (PGA), poly(para-dioxanone) (PDO), poly(hydroxybutyrate), poly(hydroxyvalerate), poly(tetramethyl carbonate), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), and copolymers and derivatives and combinations thereof.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive polymeric material is selected from the group consisting of poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(trimethylene carbonate), poly(D,L-lactide), poly(L-lactide)-co-ε-caprolactone), poly(L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate), poly(ε-caprolactone-co-trimethylene carbonate), poly(ethylene glycol), poly(L-lactide-co-poly(ethylene glycol)), and copolymers and derivatives and combinations thereof.
24. The method of claim 5 , wherein the forming the tube comprises using the at least one stretched polymeric material and at least one adhesive polymeric material, and the at least one crystallizable biodegradable polymeric material and the at least one adhesive polymeric material comprise a same polymeric material.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one stretched polymeric material is stretched at least ten percent of a maximum stretch ratio respectively corresponding to the at least one polymeric material.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stretching the at least one polymeric material comprises controlling, during the stretching, one or more of a mechanical property, a thermodynamic property, a chemical property, an electrical property, and a degradation rate, of the at least one polymeric material.
27. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one polymeric material is stretched between three hundred percent and one thousand percent of an original dimension of the at least one polymeric material.
28. The method of claim 1 , further comprising stretching the multilayered tube.
29. A method, comprising:
obtaining at least one stretched polymeric material exhibiting at least partial molecular orientation, wherein:
the at least one stretched polymeric material comprises at least one crystallizable biodegradable polymeric material, wherein the at least one stretched polymeric material has a first dimension, and wherein the at least one stretched polymeric material was prepared by stretching at least one polymeric material in a manner that increased the first dimension and that resulted in a controlled level of orientation;
forming a multilayered tube using the at least one stretched polymeric material and at least one adhesive material layer, wherein the multilayer tube has an orientation profile that is substantially consistent throughout a wall of the multilayered tube.
30. The method of claim 29 , further comprising stretching the multilayered tube.