Body-worn pulse oximeter
The invention provides a body-worn system that continuously measures pulse oximetry and blood pressure, along with motion, posture, and activity level, from an ambulatory patient. The system features an oximetry probe that comfortably clips to the base of the patient's thumb, thereby freeing up their fingers for conventional activities in a hospital, such as reading and eating. The probe secures to the thumb and measures time-dependent signals corresponding to LEDs operating near 660 and 905 nm. Analog versions of these signals pass through a low-profile cable to a wrist-worn transceiver that encloses a processing unit. Also within the wrist-worn transceiver is an accelerometer, a wireless system that sends information through a network to a remote receiver, e.g. a computer located in a central nursing station.
1. A system for monitoring both blood pressure and oxygen saturation values from a patient, comprising:
a first sensor comprising: a first radiation source configured to emit a first optical radiation at a first wavelength in the red portion of the electromagnetic spectrum; a second radiation source configured to emit a second optical radiation at a second wavelength in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum; a photodetector configured to detect the first optical radiation emitted by the first radiation source after the first optical radiation passes through a portion of the patient to generate a first time-dependent signal, and the second optical radiation emitted by the second radiation source after the second optical radiation passes through a portion of the patient to generate a second time-dependent signal; and a housing comprising the first and second radiation sources and the photodetector, the housing configured to attach to one of the patient's fingers;
a second sensor comprising: at least two electrodes, each configured to attach to the patient and measure electrical signals and an electrical circuit configured to receive and process the electrical signals to determine a time-dependent electrical signal; and
a processing unit configured to be worn on the patient's arm and connected to the first sensor to receive the first and second time-dependent signals, and to the second sensor to receive the time-dependent electrical signal, the processing unit comprising a processor configured to:
i) process the first and second time-dependent signals to determine AC signals, or signals derived therefrom, to determine the oxygen saturation value;
ii) determine a set of pulse transit time (PTT) values for consecutive heartbeats in a measurement interval of between 20 and 40 seconds by processing the time-dependent electrical signal and the first and second time-dependent signals to determine a PTT value for each heartbeat in the measurement interval as a time difference between a first feature in the time-dependent electrical signal marking the beginning of a cardiac cycle and a second feature in the second time-dependent signal indicating the arrival of a pulse generated by the cardiac cycle at the first sensor, and repeating the PTT value determination for each heartbeat in the measurement interval; (iii) calculating an average PTT value for the set of PTT values by determining an initial average of the set of PTT values, excluding PTT values in the set of PTT values that lie outside of one standard deviation from the initial average PTT value, and recalculating the average PTT value without the excluded PTT values; and
(iii) determine the blood pressure value from the average PTT value.