Field joint coating
A pipeline having a series of interconnected pipe sections forming Field Joints, each pipe section having a coating with a thermal insulation layer which extends over a substantial portion of a length of the pipe section, and an anti-corrosion layer situated underneath the thermal insulation layer. The pipeline has a Field Joint Coating (FJC) at connection regions where ends of the adjacent pipe sections are interconnected. Each FJC has an anti-corrosion coating layer, an intermediate coating layer of a thermoplastic material which covers the anti-corrosion coating layer, and a FJC thermal insulation layer which covers the intermediate coating layer.
1. A pipeline comprising a series of interconnected pipe sections forming Field Joints, each pipe section comprising a coating comprising:
a thermal insulation layer which extends over a substantial portion of a length of the pipe section,
an anti-corrosion layer situated underneath the thermal insulation layer,
wherein the pipeline comprises a Field Joint Coating (FJC) at connection regions where ends of the adjacent pipe sections are interconnected, wherein each FJC comprises:
an anti-corrosion coating layer,
an intermediate coating layer of a thermoplastic material which covers the anti-corrosion coating layer, wherein the intermediate coating layer extends over at least a part of the end faces of the thermal insulation layer of the pipe sections on either side of the FJC, thereby forming a seal across the connection region, and
a FJC thermal insulation layer which covers the intermediate coating layer, wherein the intermediate coating layer comprises an outward curve on either side of the field joint, wherein the intermediate coating layer comprises end face portions which extend over an axial and over an outward distance from each outward curve, and wherein said end face portions cover at least a part of each end face on either side of the field joint and form a sealing layer on the end face which prevents ingress of water.
2. The pipeline according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal insulation layer comprises protruding sections at the ends of the pipe section which protrude from a main part of the thermal insulation layer, wherein the protruding sections of the thermal insulation layer have a thickness which is smaller than a thickness of the main part of the thermal insulation layer.
3. The pipeline according to claim 2 , wherein the protruding sections of the thermal insulation layer have an outer surface and wherein said outer surface is non-aligned with the end face of a main part of the thermal insulation.
4. The pipeline according to claim 3 , wherein the outer surface extends substantially parallel to a wall of the pipe section.
5. The pipeline according to claim 2 , wherein an end face of the protruding sections of the thermal insulation is non-aligned with an end face of a main part of the thermal insulation layer.
6. The pipeline according to claim 1 , wherein the intermediate coating layer extends over end faces of a protruding section of the thermal insulation layer of the pipe sections.
7. The pipeline according to claim 1 , wherein for each Field Joint an interface is defined between on the one hand layers of the pipe coating and on the other hand layers of the FJC, and wherein said interface comprises:
a first seal in a first region of overlap between the intermediate coating layer and the thermal insulation layer, and
a second seal in a second region of overlap between the anti-corrosion layer of the FJC and the anti-corrosion coating layer of the pipe coating.
8. The pipeline according to claim 1 , wherein the pipe sections between the FJC's comprise an anti-corrosion layer which comprises protruding sections which extend beyond the thermal insulation layer towards the ends of the pipe sections, and wherein the anti-corrosion coating layer of each FJC extends over the protruding sections of the anti-corrosion layer of the pipe sections in order to form a continuous anti-corrosion layer.
9. The pipeline according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal insulation layer comprises a protruding section which protrudes from a main part of the thermal insulation layer, wherein the protruding section of the thermal insulation layer has a thickness which is smaller than a thickness of the main part of the thermal insulation layer, wherein the intermediate coating layer covers the anti-corrosion coating layer of the FJC and at least a part of the protruding section of the thermal insulation layer, and wherein a FJC thermal insulation layer covers the intermediate coating layer of the FJC.
10. A pipe section, constructed to be connected with a further pipe section, in an end-to-end relationship and having a Field Joint Coating (FJC), the pipe section comprising a coating comprising:
a thermal insulation layer which extends over a substantial portion of a length of the pipe section,
an anti-corrosion layer situated underneath the thermal insulation layer,
wherein opposing end zones of the pipe section are free of any anti-corrosion layer or thermal insulation layer in order to allow a welding operation at ends of the pipe section, wherein the anti-corrosion layer and the thermal insulation layer stop at a distance from the ends of the pipe section, wherein the thermal insulation layer comprises protruding sections at the ends of the pipe section which protrude from a main part of the thermal insulation layer, wherein the protruding sections of the thermal insulation layer have a thickness which is smaller than a thickness of the main part of the thermal insulation layer, wherein the protruding section of the thermal insulation layer has an outer surface and wherein said outer surface is non-aligned with the end face of a main part of the thermal insulation.
11. The pipe section according to claim 10 , wherein the outer surface extends substantially parallel to a wall of the pipe section.
12. The pipe section according to claim 10 , wherein an end face of the protruding section of the thermal insulation is non-aligned with an end face of a main part of the thermal insulation layer.
13. The pipe section according to claim 10 , wherein the thickness of the protruding section is less than one third of a thickness of the main part of the thermal insulation layer, and wherein the thickness of the protruding section of the thermal insulation layer is substantially uniform over its length.
14. The pipe section according to claim 10 , wherein the anti-corrosion layer comprises protruding sections which extend beyond the thermal insulation layer, wherein a distance of overlap between an anti-corrosion layer of the FJC and the anti-corrosion layer of the pipe section is at least twice as large as a thickness of the anti-corrosion layer of the pipe section, wherein the protruding section of the anti-corrosion layer has an end face, wherein the end face is non-aligned with an end face of the protruding section of the thermal insulation layer, and wherein the protruding section of the thermal insulation layer has an outer surface which extends parallel to a wall of the pipe section.
15. A pipeline comprising a series of interconnected pipe sections forming Field Joints, each pipe section comprising a coating comprising:
a thermal insulation layer which extends over a substantial portion of a length of the pipe section,
an anti-corrosion layer situated underneath the thermal insulation layer,
wherein the thermal insulation layer comprises a protruding section at both ends of the pipe sections, wherein the protruding sections protrude from a main part of the thermal insulation layer, wherein the protruding sections of the thermal insulation layer have a thickness which is smaller than a thickness of the main part of the thermal insulation layer,
wherein each protruding section of the thermal insulation layer comprises an outer surface, wherein said outer surface is non-aligned with the end face of a main part of the thermal insulation,
wherein the pipeline comprises a Field Joint Coating (FJC) at connection regions where ends of the adjacent pipe sections are interconnected, wherein each FJC comprises:
an anti-corrosion coating layer,
an intermediate coating layer of a thermoplastic material which covers the anti-corrosion coating layer, wherein the intermediate coating layer extends over end faces of the thermal insulation layer of the pipe sections on either side of the FJC, thereby forming a seal across the connection region, and
a FJC thermal insulation layer which covers the intermediate coating layer,
and wherein the intermediate coating layer extends over at least a portion of the outer surface of each the protruding section on either side of the connection regions.
16. The pipeline according to claim 15 , wherein the outer surface extends substantially parallel to a wall of the associated pipe section.
17. The pipeline according to claim 15 , wherein an end face of the protruding section of the thermal insulation is non-aligned with an end face of a main part of the thermal insulation layer of the associated pipe section.
18. The pipeline according to claim 15 , wherein the thickness of the protruding section is less than one third of a thickness of the main part of the thermal insulation layer, and wherein the thickness of the protruding section of the thermal insulation layer is substantially uniform over its length.