Method for producing porous calcium deficient hydroxyapatite granules
The method is for producing porous calcium deficient hydroxyapatite granules and comprises the following steps: (a) subjecting granules of calcium sulfate anhydrous (CSA), calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) or calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) to an incubation in an alkaline aqueous solution having a pH-value of less than 10 and containing PO 4 3− ions; whereby the granules of calcium sulfate anhydrous (CSA), calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) or calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) comprise interconnected pores with a minimum mean diameter of 3 microns; (b) washing with water the granules obtained after incubation of step a); (c) drying the obtained porous granules of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite; whereby (d) the amount-of PO 4 3− ions present in the incubation of step a) is at least as large as the amount of SO 4 2− ions of the granules used for step (a). The porous calcium deficient hydroxyapatite granules obtained by the invention may be purposefully used as carriers for biologically active substances in particular for proteins.
1. A method for producing porous calcium deficient hydroxyapatite granules comprising the following steps:
(a) subjecting granules of calcium sulfate anhydrous (CSA), calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) or calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) to an incubation in an alkaline aqueous solution having a pH-value of less than 10 and containing PO4 3− ions; whereby the granules of calcium sulfate anhydrous (CSA), calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) or calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) comprise interconnected pores with a minimum mean diameter of 3 microns;
(b) washing with water the granules obtained after incubation of step a);
(c) drying the obtained porous granules of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite; whereby
(d) the amount of PO4 3− ions present in the incubation of step a) is at least as large as the amount of SO 4 2− ions of the granules used for step (a).
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the granules of calcium sulfate anhydrous (CSA), calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) or calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) used in step a) are obtained from CSD particles which have been mixed with a porogenic substance and made porous by heat treatment to decompose the porogenic substance and sintering.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the majority of the CSD particles used to produce the granules of calcium sulfate anhydrous (CSA), calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) or calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) used for step a) have a needle shape.
4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the majority of the CSD particles used to produce the granules of calcium sulfate anhydrous (CSA), calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) or calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) used for step a) have a platelet shape.
5. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the majority of the CSD particles used to produce the granules of calcium sulfate anhydrous (CSA), calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) or calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) used for step a) are a mixture of needle shaped particles and platelet shaped particles.
6. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the majority of the CSD particles used to produce the granules of calcium sulfate anhydrous (CSA), calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) or calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) used for step a) have a mean aspect ratio in the range of 2.5 to 6.0.
7. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the CSD particles used to produce the granules of calcium sulfate anhydrous (CSA), calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) or calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) used for step a) have a mean length greater than 10 μm.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein only granules of calcium sulfate anhydrous (CSA) are used in step (a).
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the alkaline aqueous solution of step (a) comprises either (NH 4 )(H 2 PO 4 ), (NH 4 ) 2 (HPO 4 ), or (NH 4 ) 3 (PO4) and either NaOH or KOH.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid to powder ratio in step (a) is at most 15 ml/g.
11. The method according to one of the claim 1 , wherein the incubation of step (a) is performed at a temperature from 60° C. to 100° C.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step c) comprises a spray drying process.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the spray drying process is controlled so as to produce spherical granules with a mean diameter below 425 μm.
14. The method according to 1 , wherein the porous granules of CSA, CSH, or CSD are obtained by first solidifying a slurry consisting of a mixture of CSA, CSH, or CSD powder and an aqueous or non-aqueous solution, and second breaking the resulting block into granules.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the CSA, CSD or CSH porous granules are shaped with a high shear mixer and calcined.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the drying of the obtained granules after full conversion into calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) comprises a heating step at a temperature higher than 60° C.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the porosity of the granules measured before the incubation of step a) is 40% larger than after incubation step a).
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of PO4 3− ions present in the incubation of step a) is at least two times greater than the amount of SO 4 2− ions in the granules.
19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the granules of calcium sulfate anhydrous (CSA), calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) or calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) used in step (a) comprise less than 1 weight % of carbon residues.
20. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the alkaline aqueous solution comprises NaOH or KOH.