Timing advance for satellite-based communications using a satellite with enhanced processing capabilities

1. A method for using an estimated timing advance for satellite-based communications, the method comprising:

determining, by user equipment, a location of the user equipment using a global navigation satellite system;

calculating, by the user equipment, an estimated distance between the user equipment and a communication satellite using the determined location of the user equipment and an estimated satellite location, wherein:

the estimated satellite location indicates an estimated orbital location of the communication satellite;

the communication satellite is functioning as a distributed unit that performs one or more gNodeB functions on data received from the user equipment, wherein the one or more gNodeB functions is selected from the group consisting of:

medium access control (MAC) layer functionality; and

radio link control (RLC) layer functionality; and

a satellite gateway system is functioning as a centralized unit that communicates with the distributed unit and performs one or more additional gNodeB functions on data received from the user equipment via the communication satellite, wherein the one or more additional gNodeB functions is selected from the group consisting of:

packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer functionality; and

service data adaption protocol (SDAP) layer functionality;

calculating, by the user equipment, an estimated timing offset using the calculated estimated distance;

transmitting, by the user equipment, to the communication satellite, an uplink data frame such that a timing of transmission of the uplink data frame is based on the calculated estimated timing offset;

receiving, by the user equipment, a timing advance (TA) command that comprises a TA value that indicates an amount of timing error due to the estimated distance being estimated;

adjusting, by the user equipment, the calculated estimated timing advance based on the received TA value to create a corrected TA value; and

transmitting, by the user equipment, to the communication satellite, data such that a timing of transmission of the data is based on the corrected TA value.

2. The method for using the estimated timing advance for the satellite-based communications of claim 1 , wherein the uplink data frame transmitted to the communication satellite comprises a physical random access channel (PRACH) preamble.

3. The method for using the estimated timing advance for the satellite-based communications of claim 2 , further comprising:

determining, by the communication satellite, the amount of timing error due to the estimated distance being estimated;

determining, by the communication satellite, the TA value based on the amount of timing error; and

transmitting, by the communication satellite, the TA command that comprises the TA value to the user equipment via the communication satellite.

4. The method for using the estimated timing advance for the satellite-based communications of claim 1 , wherein the TA value is twelve bits in length.

5. The method for using the estimated timing advance for the satellite-based communications of claim 4 , wherein the TA value has a defined maximum value of 3846.

6. The method for using the estimated timing advance for the satellite-based communications of claim 5 , wherein the TA value allows for a timing correction of less than 2.5 ms.

7. The method for using the estimated timing advance for the satellite-based communications of claim 1 , wherein a maximum amount of error of the determined estimated distance is 100 km.

8. The method for using the estimated timing advance for the satellite-based communications of claim 1 , further comprising:

accessing locally-stored orbital information of the communication satellite, wherein the communication satellite is in low earth orbit (LEO) or middle earth orbit (MEO); and

calculating the estimated satellite location based on the locally-stored orbital information.

9. A device for using an estimated timing advance for satellite-based communications, the device comprising:

a satellite antenna for communicating directly with a communication satellite that relays communications to a satellite gateway system;

a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) component; and

one or more processors in communication with the satellite antenna and the GNSS component, the one or more processors configured to:

determine a location of the device using the GNSS component;

calculate an estimated distance between the device and the communication satellite using the determined location of the device and an estimated satellite location, wherein:

the estimated satellite location indicates an estimated orbital location of the communication satellite;

the communication satellite functions as a distributed unit that performs one or more gNodeB functions on data received from the device wherein the one or more gNodeB functions is selected from the group consisting of:

medium access control (MAC) layer functionality; and

radio link control (RLC) layer functionality; and

a satellite gateway system functions as a centralized unit that communicates with the distributed unit and performs one or more additional gNodeB functions on data received from the device via the communication satellite, wherein the one or more additional gNodeB functions is selected from the group consisting of:

packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer functionality; and

service data adaption protocol (SDAP) layer functionality;

calculate an estimated timing offset using the calculated estimated distance;

transmit, to the communication satellite, via the satellite antenna, an uplink data frame such that a timing of transmission of the uplink data frame is based on the calculated estimated timing offset;

receive a timing advance (TA) command that comprises a TA value that indicates an amount of timing error due to the estimated distance being estimated;

adjust the calculated estimated timing advance based on the received TA value to create a corrected TA value; and

transmit, to the communication satellite, data such that a timing of transmission of the data is based on the corrected TA value.

10. The device for using the estimated timing advance for satellite-based communications of claim 9 , wherein the uplink data frame transmitted to the communication satellite comprises a physical random access channel (PRACH) preamble.

11. The device for using the estimated timing advance for satellite-based communications of claim 9 , wherein the TA value is twelve bits in length.

12. The device for using the estimated timing advance for satellite-based communications of claim 11 , wherein the TA value allows for a timing correction of less than 2.5 ms.

13. The device for using the estimated timing advance for satellite-based communications of claim 9 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:

access stored orbital information indicative of an orbit of the communication satellite, wherein the communication satellite is in low earth orbit (LEO) or middle earth orbit (MEO); and

calculate the estimated satellite location based on the locally-stored orbital information.

14. A system for using an estimated timing advance for satellite-based communications, the system comprising:

a communication satellite, wherein:

the communication satellite functions as a distributed unit that performs one or more gNodeB functions on data received from user equipment;

the communication satellite is configured to:

determine an amount of timing error due to an estimated distance being estimated by the user equipment;

determine a timing advance (TA) value based on the amount of timing error; and

transmit a TA command that comprises the TA value to the user equipment; and

a satellite gateway system functions as a centralized unit that communicates with the distributed unit and performs one or more additional gNodeB functions on data received from the user equipment;

a communication network gateway system that communicates with the communication satellite; and

the user equipment, comprising:

a satellite antenna for communicating with the communication satellite that relays communications to a satellite gateway system;

a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) component; and

one or more processors in communication with the satellite antenna and the GNSS component, the one or more processors configured to:

determine a location of the user equipment using the GNSS component;

calculate the estimated distance between the user equipment and the communication satellite using the determined location of the user equipment and an estimated satellite location, wherein:

the estimated satellite location indicates an estimated orbital location of the communication satellite;

calculate an estimated timing offset using the calculated estimated distance;

transmit, to the communication satellite, via the satellite antenna, an uplink data frame such that a timing of transmission of the uplink data frame is based on the calculated estimated timing offset;

receive, via the satellite antenna, the TA command that comprises the TA value from the communication satellite;

adjust the calculated estimated timing advance based on the received TA value to create a corrected TA value; and

cause the satellite antenna to transmit data to the communication satellite such that a timing of transmission of the data is based on the corrected TA value.