High pressure sensitive color changeable indicators and methods of making such indicators
The present technology includes a color changeable indicator that changes color upon exposure of the indicator to high pressure and comprises at least one reagent releasing layer, a transition layer disposed on the reagent releasing layer, a color changeable layer disposed on the transition layer, and a non-porous protectant encompassing the reagent releasing layer, the transition layer and the color changeable layer. An additional reagent releasing layer can be located between the transition layer and the color changeable layer. The indicators provide simple, reliable, and cost effective detection means for detecting whether a product has been exposed to high pressure, e.g. high pressure pasteurization, and may find use in applications such as food and beverage processing and/or packaging and medical applications.
1. An indicator comprising:
a reagent releasing layer configured to release a reagent upon exposure to high pressure;
a transition layer disposed on said reagent releasing layer; and
a color changeable layer disposed on said transition layer;
wherein the transition layer is configured to allow permeation of the reagent to the color changeable layer upon exposure to high pressure and the color changeable layer is configured to change to a color upon exposure of the indicator to high pressure.
2. The indicator of claim 1 wherein the color changeable layer is configured to change color upon exposure of the indicator to high pressure pasteurization.
3. The indicator of claim 1 wherein the reagent releasing layer comprises an acid and water releasing tablet.
4. The indicator of claim 3 wherein the acid and water releasing tablet comprises an organic acid, hydrated particles, and polymer binder particles.
5. The indicator of claim 4 wherein the hydrated particles are hydrated to between 70% and 71% by weight.
6. The indicator of claim 2 wherein the transition layer is a permeable membrane.
7. The indicator of claim 6 wherein the permeable membrane has a pore size of up to about 0.2 microns.
8. The indicator of claim 6 wherein the permeable membrane has a pore size of up to about 0.03 microns.
9. The indicator layer of claim 1 wherein the reagent releasing layer comprises an acid releasing tablet.
10. The indicator of claim 9 wherein the transition layer is a permeable hydrated layer.
11. The indicator of claim 10 wherein the permeable hydrated layer is a silica doped hydrated layer.
12. The indicator of claim 11 wherein the silica doped hydrated layer comprises silica gel particles and binder particles.
13. The indicator of claim 12 wherein the silica gel particles are hydrated to between 70% and 71% by weight.
14. The indicator of claim 1 wherein the color changeable layer is a color changeable film.
15. The indicator of claim 14 wherein the color changeable film comprises a pH indicator.
16. The indicator of claim 14 wherein the high pressure is at least 450 MPa.
17. The indicator of claim 1 further comprising a protectant encompassing said reagent releasing layer, transition layer and color changeable layer.
18. The indicator of claim 17 further comprising an adhesive to apply the indicator to a substrate.
19. A packaging incorporating the indicator of claim 17 .
20. The indicator of claim 1 wherein the color changeable layer is configured to change to a color after exposure to a predetermined amount of high pressure for a predetermined period of time.
21. The indicator of claim 20 wherein the color changeable layer is configured to change to a color after exposure to at least about 600 MPa for at least about 10 minutes.
22. A color changeable indicator comprising:
a first reagent releasing layer configured to release a reagent upon exposure to high pressure;
one or more additional reagent releasing layers;
a transition layer disposed between said first reagent releasing layer and said one or more additional reagent releasing layers, wherein the transition layer is configured to allow permeation of a reagent between said first reagent releasing layer and said one or more additional reagent releasing layers; and
a color changeable layer disposed on one of said one or more additional reagent releasing layers;
wherein the color changeable layer is configured to change to a color upon exposure of the indicator to high pressure.
23. The indicator of claim 22 wherein said first reagent releasing layer is an acid releasing tablet.
24. The indicator of claim 22 wherein said one or more of the additional reagent releasing layers comprises a sodium bicarbonate tablet.
25. The indicator of claim 22 wherein said color changeable layer comprises a pH indicator.
26. The indicator of claim 22 wherein the transition layer is comprised of non-permeable material in the form of a washer or a perforated disc.
27. The indicator of claim 22 further comprising a protectant encompassing said reagent releasing layers, transition layer and color changeable layer.
28. The indicator of claim 27 further comprising an adhesive to apply the substrate.
29. A packaging incorporating the indicator of claim 27 .