Method of operation of a syngas fermentation process
A process is provided for fermentation of syngas that is effective for reducing conductivity and providing an alcohol STY of about 10 g ethanol/(L·day). The process includes introducing the syngas into a reactor vessel and providing a nitrogen feed rate to the reactor vessel of about 100 mg or more nitrogen/gram of cells produced. Fermentation of the syngas is effective for providing a fermentation medium having an average conductivity of about 16 mS/cm or less and an STY of 10 g ethanol/(L·day) or more.
1. A fermentation medium comprising:
one or more acetogenic bacteria;
100 mg to 340 mg ammonium hydroxide per gram of acetogenic bacteria produced;
10.5 mg to 15 mg phosphorous per gram of acetogenic bacteria produced;
26 mg to 36 mg potassium per gram of acetogenic bacteria produced;
0.01 g/L or less yeast extract; and
0.01 g/L or less carbohydrates,
wherein the fermentation medium has a conductivity of 16 mS/cm or less and a pH of 4.2 to 4.8.
2. The fermentation medium of claim 1 wherein the phosphorous is provided from a phosphorous source selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, ammonium phosphate, potassium phosphate, and mixtures thereof, and the potassium is provided from a potassium source selected from the group consisting of potassium chloride, potassium phosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and mixtures thereof.
3. The fermentation medium of claim 1 wherein the fermentation medium includes one or more of
at least about 2.7 mg of iron per gram of acetogenic bacteria produced,
at least about 10 g of tungsten per gram of acetogenic bacteria produced,
at least about 34 g of nickel per gram of acetogenic bacteria produced,
at least about 9 g of cobalt per gram of acetogenic bacteria produced,
at least about 4.5 mg of magnesium per gram of acetogenic bacteria produced,
at least about 11 mg of sulfur per gram of acetogenic bacteria produced, and
at least about 6.5 g of thiamine per gram of acetogenic bacteria produced.
4. The fermentation medium of claim 1 wherein the fermentation medium includes one or more of
about 2.7 to about 5 mg of iron per gram of acetogenic bacteria produced,
about 10 to about 30 g of tungsten per gram of acetogenic bacteria produced,
about 34 to about 40 g of nickel per gram of acetogenic bacteria produced,
about 9 to about 30 g of cobalt per gram of acetogenic bacteria produced,
about 4.5 to about 10 mg of magnesium per gram of acetogenic bacteria produced,
about 11 to about 20 mg of sulfur per gram of acetogenic bacteria produced, and
about 6.5 to about 20 g of thiamine per gram of acetogenic bacteria produced.
5. The fermentation medium of claim 4 wherein the iron is provided from an iron source selected from the group consisting of ferrous chloride, ferrous sulfate, and mixtures thereof, the tungsten is provided from a tungsten source selected from the group consisting of sodium tungstate, calcium tungstate, potassium tungstate, and mixtures thereof, the nickel is provided from a nickel source selected from the group consisting of nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate, and mixtures thereof, the cobalt is provided from a cobalt source selected from the group consisting of cobalt chloride, cobalt fluoride, cobalt bromide, cobalt iodide, and mixtures thereof, the magnesium is provided from a magnesium source selected from the group consisting of magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium phosphate, and the sulfur is provided from a sulfur source selected from the group consisting of cysteine, sodium sulfide, and mixtures thereof.