Oxidation catalyst for lean compressed natural gas engine
The present invention provides an oxidation catalyst composition suitable for at least partial conversion of gaseous hydrocarbon emissions, e.g., methane. The oxidation catalyst composition includes at least one platinum group metal (PGM) component supported onto a porous zirconia-containing material that provides an effect on hydrocarbon conversion activity. The porous zirconia-containing material is at least 90% by weight in the monoclinic phase. Furthermore, the PGM component can comprise at least one platinum group metal in the form of colloidally deposited nanoparticles. The oxidation catalyst composition can be used in the treatment of emissions from lean compressed natural gas engines.
1. A catalyst composition configured for hydrocarbon conversion in a hydrocarbon-containing stream, the catalyst composition comprising a platinum group metal (PGM) component supported on a zirconia-containing material, the zirconia being at least 90% by weight in a monoclinic phase, wherein the platinum group metal component consists of nanoparticles having an average size of 1 to 10 nm, wherein the zirconia has Lewis acid sites of 50 to 1000 micromol/g.
2. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the platinum group metal (PGM) component is selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, and combinations thereof.
3. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises 0.01% to 6.0% by weight of platinum group metal (PGM) component calculated as metal and based on the total weight of the combined PGM and zirconia-containing material.
4. The catalyst composition of claim 2 , wherein the platinum group metal (PGM) component comprises platinum and palladium present in a weight ratio of 1:1 to 0.1:1.
5. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the zirconia-containing material comprises of no more than 10% tetragonal phase.
6. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the zirconia-containing material has a pore volume of 0.15 to 0.4 ml/g.
7. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the zirconia-containing material has a BET surface area of 25 to 100 m 2 /g.
8. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the zirconia-containing material has a pore radius of 1 nm to 20 nm.
9. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the zirconia-containing material, after hydrothermal aging at 600° C. for 12 hours, has strong Lewis acid sites in an amount ranging from 50 to 150.
10. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein, after sulfur exposure, the composition comprises a peak intensity ratio of a bridge-CO signal compared to a linear-CO absorbance signal measured by CO-DRIFT experiments, said peak intensity ratio being in the range of 0.5 to 2.
11. A catalyst article comprising:
a catalyst substrate having a plurality of channels adapted for gas flow, each channel having a wall surface; and
a catalytic coating comprising the catalyst composition according to claim 1 .
12. The catalyst article of claim 11 , wherein the catalyst substrate is a flow-through honeycomb substrate or a wall flow filter substrate.
13. The catalyst article of claim 11 , wherein a catalytic coating is present on the substrate with a loading of at least 1.0 g/in 3 .
14. The catalyst article of claim 11 , wherein the total loading of the platinum group metal (PGM) component of the catalyst composition onto the substrate is at least 30 g/ft 3 .
15. A method of making the catalyst composition of claim 1 , comprising combining a zirconia-containing material with a colloidal solution of at least one platinum group metal precursor such that the at least one platinum group metal is incorporated in a nanoparticulate form onto the zirconia-containing material.
16. A method of converting a hydrocarbon in an exhaust gas stream comprising contacting the gas stream with a catalyst composition according to claim 1 for a time and temperature sufficient to reduce the level of the hydrocarbon in the gas stream.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the catalyst composition has improved sulfur resistance and recovers more easily from sulfur exposure for the conversion of methane in the exhaust gas stream.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the exhaust gas stream is of a lean compressed natural gas engine.