LiDAR with large dynamic range

1. A computer-implemented method for expanding a dynamic range of a light detector of a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system, the LiDAR system having a light source and the light detector, the method comprising:

transmitting, using the light source of the LiDAR system, a sequence of pulse signals, wherein the sequence of pulse signals consists of two or more increasingly stronger pulse signals;

receiving, using the light detector of the LiDAR system, one or more returned pulse signals corresponding to the transmitted sequence of pulse signals, wherein the one or more returned pulse signals are above the noise level of the light detector;

selecting a returned pulse signal from the one or more returned pulse signals, wherein the selected returned pulse signal is within the dynamic range of the light detector;

identifying a transmitted pulse signal of the transmitted sequence that corresponds to the selected returned pulse signal; and

calculating a distance based on the selected returned pulse signal and the identified transmitted pulse signal.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a power ratio between two neighboring pulse signals of the transmitted sequence of pulse signals does not exceed the dynamic range of the detector.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the selected returned pulse signal is a first returned pulse signal, wherein the one or more returned pulse signals further comprise a second returned pulse signal received after the first returned pulse signal, wherein the second returned pulse signal is a saturated signal.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: receiving a returned pulse signal below the noise level of the light detector before receiving the one or more returned pulse signals above the noise level of the light detector.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

transmitting a plurality of sequences of pulse signals;

for each sequence of the plurality of sequences of pulse signals, receiving at least one returned pulse signal within the dynamic range of the light detector.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein selecting a returned pulse signal from the one or more returned pulse signals comprises:

identifying the last received pulse signal of the one or more returned signal that is not a saturated signal.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein selecting a returned pulse signal from the one or more returned pulse signals comprises:

determining that there is only one returned pulse signal corresponding to the transmitted sequence of pulse signals and above the noise level of the light detector.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transmitted sequence of pulse signals is a first sequence, the method further comprising:

determining that each of the one or more returned pulse signals is a saturated signal;

after the determination, sending a second sequence of pulse signals different from the first sequence in: the number of pulses, the peak power level of pulses, or a combination thereof.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transmitted sequence of pulse signals includes a first pulse signal, a second pulse signal transmitted after the first pulse signal and stronger than the first pulse signal, and a third pulse signal transmitted after the second pulse signal and stronger than the second pulse signal.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the one or more returned pulse signals consist of one returned pulse signal above the noise level, wherein the one returned pulse signal is the selected returned pulse signal, and wherein calculating a distance comprises calculating a distance based on the one returned pulse signal and the third pulse signal in the transmitted sequence of pulse signals.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the one or more returned pulse signals consist of two returned pulse signals above the noise level, wherein the earlier received returned pulse signal of the two is the selected returned pulse signal, and wherein calculating a distance comprises calculating a distance based on the earlier received returned pulse signal and the second pulse signal in the transmitted sequence of pulse signals.

12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the one or more returned pulse signals consist of three returned pulse signals, wherein the earliest received returned pulse signal of the three is the selected returned pulse signal, and wherein calculating a distance comprises calculating a distance based on the earliest received returned pulse signal and the first pulse signal in the transmitted sequence of pulse signals.

13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

receiving a plurality of returned pulse signals in the dynamic range of the light detector; and

identifying a subset of the plurality of returned pulse signals as corresponding to the transmitted sequence of pulse signals, wherein the identifying is based on one or more delays between neighboring pulse signals in the transmitted sequence of pulse signals.

14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

receiving a plurality of returned pulse signals in the dynamic range of the light detector; and

identifying a subset of the plurality of returned pulse signals as corresponding to the transmitted sequence of pulse signals, wherein the identifying is based on one or more amplitude differences between neighboring pulse signals in the transmitted sequence of pulse signals.

15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

providing, by the light source, a reference signal to the light detector, wherein the pulse shape and beam profile of the reference signal are identical to the transmitted sequence of pulse signals.

16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising: causing a delay between the providing of the reference signal and the transmitting of the sequence of pulse signals, wherein the distance is calculated based on the delay.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light source includes a fiber laser.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light source includes a beam splitter, a combiner, and at least two fibers of different lengths.

19. A light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system, comprising:

a memory;

a laser system configured to transmit a sequence of pulse signals, wherein the sequence of pulse signals consists of two or more increasingly stronger pulse signals;

a light detector configured to receive one or more returned pulse signals corresponding to the transmitted sequence of pulse signals, wherein the one or more returned pulse signals are above the noise level of the light detector; and

one or more processors configured to:

select a returned pulse signal from the one or more returned pulse signals, wherein the selected returned pulse signal is within the dynamic range of the light detector;

identify a transmitted pulse signal of the transmitted sequence that corresponds to the selected returned pulse signal; and

calculate a distance based on the selected returned pulse signal and the identified transmitted pulse signal.

20. The system of claim 19 , wherein the laser system comprises a beam splitter having an input port, a first output port, and a second output port,

wherein the beam splitter is configured to receive a laser beam via the input port, and, based on the received laser beam, provide a first split laser beam via the first output port and a second split laser beam via the second output port.

21. The system of claim 20 , wherein the beam splitter comprises:

a circulator; and

a reflector,

wherein the circulator is configured to provide, via an output port of the circulator, the received laser beam to an input port of the reflector,

wherein the reflector is configured to reflect a first portion of the received laser beam back to the output port of the circulator and transmit a second portion of the received laser beam via an output port of the reflector.

22. The system of claim 21 , wherein the first portion of the received laser beam corresponds to the first split laser beam and wherein the second portion of the received laser beam corresponds to the second split laser beam.

23. The system of claim 20 , wherein the laser system includes a laser combiner having a first input port, a second input port, and an output port; wherein the laser combiner is configured to provide, via the output port, a sequence of pulse signals comprising a first pulse signal corresponding to at least a portion of the first split laser beam and a second pulse signal corresponding to at least a portion of the second split laser beam.

24. The system of claim 23 , wherein the laser combiner includes a coupler having a first output port and a second output port, and wherein the output port of the laser combiner is one of the first output port and the second output port of the coupler.

25. The system of claim 23 , wherein the laser combiner includes a polarization beam combiner configured to:

receive a first beam with a linear polarization and a second beam with a polarization perpendicular to the first beam;

combine the first beam and the second beam into a third beam; and

providing the third beam to the output port of the laser combiner, wherein the third beam comprises the sequence of pulse signals.

26. The system of claim 19 , wherein the laser system includes a laser combiner having a first input port, a second input port, a first output port, and a second output port; wherein the laser combiner is configured to provide a first sequence of pulse signals via the first output port of the laser combiner and a second sequence of pulse signals via the second output port of the laser combiner.

27. The system of claim 23 , wherein the laser system further includes:

a first fiber configured to relay the first split laser beam from the first output port of the beam splitter to the first input port of the laser combiner; and

a second fiber configured to relay the second split laser beam from the second output port of the beam splitter to the second input port of the laser combiner,

wherein the first fiber and the second fiber are configured to cause a delay to the second split laser beam relative to the first split laser beam.

28. The system of claim 27 , wherein the length of the first fiber is different from the length of the second fiber.

29. The system of claim 19 , wherein the laser system further comprises a pre-amplifier.

30. The system of claim 19 , wherein the laser system further comprises a booster amplifier.

31. The system of claim 19 , wherein the laser system is further configured to provide a reference signal to the light detector, wherein the pulse shape and beam profile of the reference signal are identical to the transmitted sequence of pulse signals.

32. The method of claim 1 , wherein the selected returned pulse signal is not below the noise level of the light detector and such that the light detector is not saturated.

33. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dynamic range of the light detector indicates power intensity measuring capability of the one or more returned pulse signals, wherein the power intensity measuring capability is linearly proportional to incident power.

34. The method of claim 1 , wherein a pulse intensity power ratio between two neighboring pulse signals of the transmitted sequence of pulse signals is within power intensity measuring capability of the light detector.