Reactive quenching solutions and methods of use
Described are techniques for treating metals by exposing the metals to reactive solutions to reduce a temperature of the metal and to modify a surface of the metal through chemical reaction, such as by removing material or adding material. The disclosed techniques may advantageously increase the rate at which the temperature of the metal may be reduced as compared to conventional cooling techniques involving pure water, increase metal manufacturing rates, and reduce overall complexity of a metal manufacturing process. The disclosed techniques may also advantageously expand the range of available surface treatments, allow for faster surface treatment processes, and reduce or eliminate the use of hazardous chemicals during a surface treatment process. Such advantages may arise by employing chemical processing that takes place or takes place more efficiently at elevated temperatures.
1. A method of treating a metal, the method comprising:
heating a metal to a first temperature of from 500° C. to 1500° C.; and
exposing the metal to a solution comprising a reactive solute, wherein exposing the metal to the solution cools the metal at a cooling rate of from about 300° C./s to about 2000° C./s, wherein exposing the metal to the solution initiates a chemical reaction involving the reactive solute, and wherein the chemical reaction modifies a surface of the metal.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution comprises water and one or more salts.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution comprises one or more alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, ammonium salts, sulfate salts, nitrate salts, borate salts, phosphate salts, acetate salts, or carbonate salts.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution comprises a salt concentration of from about 5 wt. % salt to about 30 wt. % salt.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution comprises an aqueous alkaline solution.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactive solute comprises one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, or ammonium ions.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution comprises an aqueous acidic solution.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactive solute comprises one or more of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, or an organic acid.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactive solute comprises a thermally decomposable salt.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactive solute comprises one or more nitrate salts, nitrite salts, carbonate salts, hydrogen carbonate salts, phosphate salts, hydrogen phosphate salts, dihydrogen phosphate salts, or permanganate salts.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactive solute comprises one or more chromium salts, copper salts, silver salts, or cerium salts.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactive solute comprises one or more polymers, polymer precursors, or thermoset polymers.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical reaction removes material from the surface of the metal.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical reaction corresponds to cleaning, etching, or ablating the surface of the metal.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical reaction deposits material on the surface of the metal or forms a coating on the surface of the metal.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical reaction corresponds to an acid etching reaction, an alkaline etching reaction, a thermal decomposition reaction, a polymerization reaction, an oxidative reaction, or a surface ablation.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein exposing the metal to the solution comprises exposing the metal to a plurality of different solutions.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal comprises an aluminum alloy.