Fenestrated sheath for embolic protection during transcarotid carotid artery revascularization
Methods, devices, and systems establish and facilitate retrograde or reverse flow blood circulation in the region of the carotid artery bifurcation in order to limit or prevent the release of emboli into the cerebral vasculature such as into the internal carotid artery. The methods are particularly useful for interventional procedures, such as stenting and angioplasty, atherectomy performed through a transcarotid approach or transfemoral into the common carotid artery, either using an open surgical technique or using a percutaneous technique, such as a modified Seldinger technique or a micropuncture technique.
1. A method for treating a carotid artery, comprising:
positioning an arterial access device having a distal sheath into a common carotid artery through an access location in a neck of a patient, the arterial access device comprising:
a distal sheath adapted to be introduced into a carotid artery through a penetration in a wall of the carotid artery, the sheath having a distal end adapted to be introduced into the common carotid artery, a proximal end, and a lumen extending between the distal and proximal ends and communicating with a distal opening and a proximal opening;
wherein the distal sheath is at least partially formed of a reinforcement material that defines a plurality of spaces evenly distributed and uninterrupted along at least a portion of a length of the distal sheath; and
wherein the distal sheath includes a plurality of fenestrations and wherein at least one of the fenestrations aligns with one of the spaces of the reinforcement material;
occluding blood flow at an occlusion location of the common carotid artery so as to establish retrograde blood flow through the common carotid artery such that blood flows into the lumen of the arterial access device, wherein the occlusion location is located proximal of the distal opening of the distal sheath so as to form a zone between the occlusion location and the distal opening;
wherein the blood flows into the distal sheath via at least one of the distal opening and the fenestrations.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the distal sheath includes a removable stopper member that covers a portion of a distal section of the distal sheath such that a portion of the distal section of the distal sheath is covered by the stopper member and a portion of the distal section of the distal sheath is exposed, wherein the stopper member, when coupled to the distal sheath, limits insertion of the distal sheath into the carotid artery to the exposed portion, and further comprising: inserting no more than the exposed portion of the distal sheath into the common carotid artery.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the fenestrations are located entirely within the exposed portion of the distal sheath.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the zone is a static zone.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising positioning the distal sheath so that at least one of the fenestrations is positioned in the zone.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein occluding blood flow at an occlusion location comprises applying a vascular clamp at the occlusion location.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein occluding blood flow at an occlusion location comprises expanding a balloon at the occlusion location.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising making a transcervical incision to expose a region of the common carotid artery at the access location.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one fenestration of the plurality of fenestrations is positioned external to the common carotid artery, and further comprising blocking the at least one fenestration positioned external to the common carotid artery to prevent leakage.