Polyurethane gel particles, methods and use in flexible foams
Combinations of open cell flexible foams with polyurethane gel particles, and methods of making the combinations are described using a variety of procedures. The open cell flexible foam may partially or wholly comprise polyurethane foam and latex foam.
1. A composition comprising a combination of open cell flexible polyurethane foam and polyurethane gel particles produced by the method comprising:
a. reacting one or more polyols with hydroxyl values from 10-170 and with functionality greater or equal to 3; one or more polyols with hydroxyl values from 170-1400 and with functionality of 2; and one or more polyisocyanates with NCO functionality of 2 to 8 to make a polyurethane gel elastomer having a polyisocyanate index between 0.62 to 0.90, where the polyurethane gel elastomer is prepared in the presence of (i.) at least one gelation catalyst to make a polyurethane gel elastomer and (ii.) a phase change material;
b. reducing the polyurethane gel elastomer into polyurethane gel particles having an average particle size between the range of about 0.01 to about 12 millimeters;
c. introducing the polyurethane gel particles into a mixture of polyurethane foam-forming components comprising a polyol and an isocyanate;
d. polymerizing the polyol and the isocyanate to form an open cell flexible polyurethane foam containing thermally conductive polyurethane gel particles, the thermally conductive gel particles at least partially containing phase change material for thermal storage capacity;
where said polyurethane gel particles are added in the range of about 0.1 to about 200 parts per hundred of the polyol component of polyurethane foam.
2. The composition of claim 1 where the polyurethane gel particles contain at least one phase change material with a solid/liquid phase transition temperature range of from about −10° F. to about 220° F. (about −23° C. to about 104° C.).
3. The composition of claim 1 where the polyurethane gel particles contain at least one phase change material selected from a group consisting of glycerol, acetic acid, polyethylene glycol, crosslinked polyethylene glycol, camphene, oxazoline, DOP, DINP, a wax that changes from a liquid to a solid over the temperature range of expected use, d-lactic acid, formic acid, acrylic acid, p-xylene, caprylic acid, jojoba wax, cotton seed oil, coconut oil, rice oil, water, almond oil, beechnut oil, black mustard oil, candlenut oil, castor oil, corn oil, cotton seed stearin, esparto, poppy seed oil, rape seed oil, canola oil, pumpkin seed oil, beeswax, NH 4 Cl.Na 2 SO 4 .10H 2 O, NaCl.NH 4 Cl.2NaSO 4 .20H 2 O, NaCl.Na 2 SO 4 .10H 2 O, n-tetradecane, n-pentadecane, n-hexadecane, n-heptadecane, n-octadecane, n-nanodecane, n-eicosane, n-heneicosane, n-decosane, n-tricosane, trimethylolethane, neopentyl glycol, lithium chloride, calcium chloride hydrate, 1-decanol octadecane, C-16 to C-22 alkyl hydrocarbons, natural rubber, polychloropropene, crystalline alkyl hydrocarbons, pentaerythritol, polyhydric alcohols, acrylate and methyacrylate polymers, CaBr 2 .6H 2 O/NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 .10H 2 O/NaCl, CaCl 2 .6H 2 O, Na 2 SO 4 .10H 2 O, CaBr 2 .6H 2 O, and combinations thereof.
4. The composition of claim 2 where the phase change material is encapsulated.
5. The composition of claim 2 where the phase change material has the form of a particle having an average particle size of less than 1000 microns.
6. The composition of claim 1 where the polyurethane gel particles comprise a thermally conductive material.
7. The composition of claim 6 where the thermally conductive material is a solid and has a thermal conductivity from 0.1 W/m K to 2000 W/m K.
8. The composition of claim 6 where the thermally conductive material is selected from a group of talc, melamine, carbon black, graphite, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, zinc oxide, ferric oxide, diamond, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, silicon carbide, boron nitride, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, metallic flakes.
9. An article of manufacture comprising the composition of claim 1 where the article is selected from the group consisting of rebond carpet pads, floor mats, bath mats, pet beds, shoe inserts, medical foams, mattresses, pillows, bedding products, seat cushions, seat backs, head rests, armrests and combinations thereof.
10. An article of manufacture comprising the composition of claim 1 where the flexible polyurethane foam is selected from the group consisting of polyether polyurethane foam, high-resiliency polyether polyurethane foam, viscoelastic polyether polyurethane foam, polyester polyurethane foam and combinations thereof.
11. An article of manufacture comprising the composition of claim 1 wherein the combination of polyurethane gel particles and polyurethane foam is layered with at least one other material selected from the group consisting of:
a. a flexible viscoelastic foam,
b. a flexible resilient polyurethane foam,
c. a flexible high resilient (HR) foam,
d. a latex foam, and
e. combinations thereof.
12. The composition of claim 1 where the polyurethane gel elastomer is prepared in the presence of an additional component selected from the group consisting of a blowing catalyst, a plasticizer, water, a blowing agent and combinations thereof.
13. The composition of claim 1 where the thermally conductive polyurethane gel particles contact each other upon compression of the polyurethane foam.
14. A composition comprising a combination of open cell flexible polyurethane foam and polyurethane gel particles produced by the method comprising:
a. reacting one or more polyols with functionality greater or equal to 3; one or more polyols with functionality of 2; and one or more polyisocyanates to make a polyurethane gel elastomer having a polyisocyanate index between 0.62 to 0.90, where the polyurethane gel elastomer is prepared in the presence of (i.) at least one gelation catalyst to make a polyurethane gel elastomer and (ii.) a phase change material;
b. reducing the polyurethane gel elastomer into polyurethane gel particles having an average particle size between the range of about 0.01 to about 12 millimeters;
c. introducing the polyurethane gel particles into a mixture of polyurethane foam-forming components comprising a polyol and an isocyanate;
d. polymerizing the polyol and the isocyanate to form an open cell flexible polyurethane foam containing thermally conductive polyurethane gel particles, the thermally conductive gel particles at least partially containing phase change material for thermal storage capacity;
where said polyurethane gel particles are added in the range of about 0.1 to about 200 parts per hundred of the polyol component of polyurethane foam.
15. The composition of claim 14 where the polyurethane gel particles contain at least one phase change material with a solid/liquid phase transition temperature range of from about −10° F. to about 220° F. (about −23° C. to about 104° C.).
16. The composition of claim 14 where the polyurethane gel particles contain at least one phase change material selected from a group consisting of glycerol, acetic acid, polyethylene glycol, crosslinked polyethylene glycol, camphene, oxazoline, DOP, DINP, a wax that changes from a liquid to a solid over the temperature range of expected use, d-lactic acid, formic acid, acrylic acid, p-xylene, caprylic acid, jojoba wax, cotton seed oil, coconut oil, rice oil, water, almond oil, beechnut oil, black mustard oil, candlenut oil, castor oil, corn oil, cotton seed stearin, esparto, poppy seed oil, rape seed oil, canola oil, pumpkin seed oil, beeswax, NH4Cl.Na2SO4.10H2O, NaCl.NH4 Cl.2NaSO4.20H2O, NaCl.Na2SO4.10H2O, n-tetradecane, n-pentadecane, n-hexadecane, n-heptadecane, n-octadecane, n-nanodecane, n-eicosane, n-heneicosane, n-decosane, n-tricosane, trimethylolethane, neopentyl glycol, lithium chloride, calcium chloride hydrate, 1-decanol octadecane, C-16 to C-22 alkyl hydrocarbons, natural rubber, polychloropropene, crystalline alkyl hydrocarbons, pentaerythritol, polyhydric alcohols, acrylate and methyacrylate polymers, CaBr2.6H2O/NaCl, Na2SO4.10H2O/NaCl, CaCl2.6H2O, Na2SO4.10H2O, CaBr2.6H2O, and combinations thereof.
17. The composition of claim 14 where the phase change material is encapsulated.
18. The composition of claim 14 where the phase change material has the form of a particle having an average particle size of less than 1000 microns.
19. The composition of claim 14 where the polyurethane gel particles comprise a thermally conductive material.
20. The composition of claim 19 where the thermally conductive material is a solid and has a thermal conductivity from 0.1 W/m K to 2000 W/m K.
21. The composition of claim 19 where the thermally conductive material is selected from a group of talc, melamine, carbon black, graphite, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, zinc oxide, ferric oxide, diamond, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, silicon carbide, boron nitride, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, metallic flakes.
22. An article of manufacture comprising the composition of claim 14 where the article is selected from the group consisting of rebond carpet pads, floor mats, bath mats, pet beds, shoe inserts, medical foams, mattresses, pillows, bedding products, seat cushions, seat backs, head rests, armrests and combinations thereof.
23. An article of manufacture comprising the composition of claim 14 where the flexible polyurethane foam is selected from the group consisting of polyether polyurethane foam, high-resiliency polyether polyurethane foam, viscoelastic polyether polyurethane foam, polyester polyurethane foam and combinations thereof.
24. An article of manufacture comprising the composition of claim 14 wherein the combination of polyurethane gel particles and polyurethane foam is layered with at least one other material selected from the group consisting of:
f. a flexible viscoelastic foam,
g. a flexible resilient polyurethane foam,
h. a flexible high resilient (HR) foam,
i. a latex foam, and
j. combinations thereof.
25. The composition of claim 14 where the polyurethane gel elastomer is prepared in the presence of an additional component selected from the group consisting of a blowing catalyst, a plasticizer, water, a blowing agent and combinations thereof.
26. The composition of claim 14 where the thermally conductive polyurethane gel particles contact each other upon compression of the polyurethane foam.