Methods for driving four particle electrophoretic display
The present invention provides driving methods for a color display device in which each pixel can display four high-quality color states. More specifically, an electrophoretic fluid is provided which comprises four types of particles, dispersed in a solvent or solvent mixture.
1. A driving method for an electrophoretic display comprising a first surface on a viewing side, a second surface on a non-viewing side and an electrophoretic fluid which fluid is sandwiched between a common electrode and a layer of pixel electrodes and comprises a first type of particles, a second type of particles, a third type of particles and a fourth type of particles, all of which are dispersed in a solvent or solvent mixture, wherein
(a) the four types of pigment particles have optical characteristics differing from one another;
(b) the first type of particles carry high positive charge and the second type of particles carry high negative charge; and
(c) the third type of particles carry low positive charge and the fourth type of particles carry low negative charge,
the method comprises the following steps:
(i) applying a first driving voltage to a pixel in the electrophoretic display for a first period of time to drive the pixel towards the color state of the first or second type of particles at the viewing side;
(ii) applying no driving voltage to the pixel for a second period of time;
(iii) applying a second driving voltage to the pixel for a third period of time, wherein the third period of time is greater than the first period of time, the second driving voltage has polarity opposite that of the first driving voltage and the second driving voltage has an amplitude lower than that of the first driving voltage;
(iv) applying no driving voltage to the pixel for a fourth period of time; and repeating steps (i)-(iv);
(v) applying a third driving voltage to the pixel for a fifth period of time, wherein the third driving voltage has polarity same as that of the first driving voltage;
(vi) applying a fourth driving voltage to the pixel for a sixth period of time, wherein the fifth period of time is shorter than the sixth period of time and the fourth driving voltage has polarity opposite that of the first driving voltage to drive the pixel from the color state of the first type of particles towards the color state of the fourth type of particles or from the color state of the second type of particles towards the color state of the third type of particles, at the viewing side;
(vii) applying no driving voltage for a seventh period of time; and repeating steps (v)-(vii).
2. The driving method of claim 1 , wherein the second period of time in step (ii) is longer than the first period of time in step (i).
3. The driving method of claim 1 , further comprising repeating steps (v)-(vii) at least 2 times.
4. The driving method of claim 3 , wherein steps (v)-(vii) are repeated at least 4 times.
5. The driving method of claim 4 , wherein steps (v)-(vii) are repeated at least 8 times.
6. The driving method of claim 1 , wherein the amplitude of both the third driving voltage and the fourth driving voltage is less than 50% of the amplitude of the first driving voltage.
7. The driving method of claim 1 , wherein the magnitude of the positive charge of the third particle is less than 50% of the magnitude of the positive charge of the first particle.
8. The driving method of claim 1 , wherein the magnitude of the negative charge of the fourth particle is less than 75% of the magnitude of the negative charge of the second particle.
9. The driving method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a voltage with a shaking waveform to the electrophoretic display before step (i).
10. The driving method of claim 1 , wherein steps (i)-(vii) represent a waveform, and the waveform is DC balanced.