Tubular prostheses
Tubular prostheses are provided for use in airways, upper digestive, and urinary tracts. Each of these uses has its own specific sets of biological specifications, based on what it must contain and exclude and the physical and chemical pressures and stresses to which it is subjected. The prostheses may be made from allogeneic cells. Thus they can be manufactured and stored prior to an individual's personal need arising.
1. An artificial airway for replacement of damaged tissue by implantation into a respiratory tract of a recipient, said artificial airway comprising:
a non-degradable tubular stent, and
substantially acellular, non-layered, contiguous, extracellular matrix surrounding the stent on its inner and outer surfaces, wherein the extracellular matrix maintains its cell-secreted structure intact.
2. The artificial airway of claim 1 wherein the extracellular matrix is rotationally fixed with respect to the stent.
3. The artificial airway of claim 1 wherein the extracellular matrix on the outer surface is rotationally fixed with respect to the stent and with respect to the extracellular matrix on the inner surface.
4. The artificial airway of claim 1 further comprising acellular extracellular matrix linking the acellular extracellular matrix on the inner and outer surfaces.
5. The artificial airway of claim 1 wherein the extracellular matrix is populated with tracheal cells selected from the group consisting of epithelial cells, cartilage cells, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts.
6. The artificial airway of claim 5 wherein the tracheal epithelial cells are autologous to the recipient.
7. The artificial airway of claim 1 wherein the stent is metal.
8. The artificial airway of claim 1 wherein the stent is polymeric.
9. The artificial airway of claim 1 wherein the extracellular matrix was produced and secreted by smooth muscle cells.
10. The artificial airway of claim 9 that comprises fragments of a polyglycolic acid mesh on which the smooth muscle cells were cultured.
11. The artificial airway of claim 1 wherein greater than 20% of dry tissue weight of the artificial airway is collagen.
12. The artificial airway of claim 1 wherein the extracellular matrix is between 200 and 700 microns in thickness.
13. The artificial airway of claim 1 that is implanted in the respiratory tract of the recipient, wherein the recipient is a mammal.
14. The artificial airway of claim 13 that is impermeable to liquid and gas at physiological airway pressures.
15. The artificial airway of claim 1 wherein greater than 20% and less than 35% of dry tissue weight of the artificial airway is collagen.