Systems and methods to measure physiological flow in coronary arteries
In part, the disclosure relates to computer-based methods, and systems suitable for evaluating a subject to determine the appropriate diagnostic tools for assessing coronary arteries. This can include assessing various blood pressure values during a resting state (without inducing hyperemia). These systems and methods can assess a patient and identify coronary dominance on per patient basis. In turn, this assessment can be used to recommend whether a resting index is appropriate or if another index such as FFR or others such be obtained diagnostic metric such as a pressure value-based ratio.
1. A method of assessing a blood vessel during multiple heart cycles comprising:
sampling a sensor of an intravascular data collection probe disposed in the blood vessel at a sampling rate to obtain a plurality of sampled distal pressure (Pd) values;
receiving, at an intravascular data processing system, the plurality of sampled distal pressure (Pd) values and a plurality of proximal pressure (Pa) values, wherein the plurality of distal pressure (Pd) values and the plurality of proximal pressure (Pa) values occur during a non-hyperemic state;
determining, using the intravascular data processing system, one or more sets of Pd/Pa ratios based on the plurality of distal pressure (Pd) values and the plurality of proximal pressure (Pa) values, wherein each of the one or more sets of Pd/Pa ratios includes Pd/Pa ratios that are determined through an entirety of one heart cycle;
determining, using the intravascular data processing system, one or more minimum resting Pd/Pa ratios, wherein each of the one or more minimum resting Pd/Pa ratios is a minimum among one of the sets of Pd/Pa ratios over the entirety of the corresponding heart cycle;
determining whether the one or more minimum resting Pd/Pa ratios occur in diastole or in systole; and
(i) if the one or more minimum resting Pd/Pa ratios occur in systole, inducing hyperemia in the blood vessel, and performing a fractional flow reserve assessment during the hyperemia, or (ii) if the one or more minimum resting Pd/Pa ratios occur in diastole, controlling a display system to generate a plot of the one or more minimum resting Pd/Pa ratios over time without inducing hyperemia in the blood vessel.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising identifying a dicrotic notch in one or more sets of proximal pressure (Pa) values corresponding to the one or more sets of Pd/Pa ratios; and wherein the step of determining whether the one or more minimum resting Pd/Pa ratios occurs in diastole or systole is based on a location of the one or more minimum resting Pd/Pa ratios relative to the dicrotic notch.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the plot comprises:
a time varying graph of the plurality of minimum resting Pd/Pa ratios, and
an indication of an overall minimum resting Pd/Pa ratio.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the plot comprises a discrete point for each of the plurality of minimum resting Pd/Pa ratios.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the step of sampling the sensor further comprises sampling the sensor during a pullback of the intravascular data collection probe through the blood vessel, and
the plot comprises the plurality of minimum resting Pd/Pa ratios that change over time during the pullback.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising tracking changes in the plurality of minimum resting Pd/Pa ratios along a path of the pullback in the blood vessel to identify a location of stenosis in the blood vessel.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising displaying a user interface comprising the plot.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising filtering the one or more sets of Pd/Pa ratios by removing noise or by smoothing a waveform comprising the set of Pd/Pa ratios.
9. A method of assessing a blood vessel of a subject using intravascular data comprising:
sampling a sensor of an intravascular data collection probe disposed in the blood vessel at a sampling rate to obtain a plurality of distal pressure (Pd) values;
receiving, at an intravascular data processing system, the plurality of sampled distal pressure (Pd) values and a plurality of proximal pressure (Pa) values;
determining, using the intravascular data processing system, one or more sets of Pd/Pa ratios based on the plurality of distal pressure (Pd) values and the one or more plurality of proximal pressure (Pa) values, wherein each of the sets of Pd/Pa ratios includes Pd/Pa ratios that are determined through an entirety of one heart cycle;
determining, using the intravascular data processing system, one or more minimum Pd/Pa ratios, wherein each of the one or more minimum Pd/Pa ratios is a minimum among one of the sets of Pd/Pa ratios over the entirety of the corresponding heart cycle;
identifying a dicrotic notch in one or more sets of proximal pressure (Pa) values corresponding to the one or more sets of Pd/Pa ratios;
determining whether the one or more minimum Pd/Pa ratios occur in diastole or systole based on a location of one or more minimum Pd/Pa ratios relative to the dicrotic notch; and
(i) if the one or more minimum resting Pd/Pa ratios occur in systole, inducing hyperemia in the blood vessel, and performing a fractional flow reserve assessment during the hyperemia, or (ii) if the one or more minimum resting Pd/Pa ratios occur in diastole, controlling a display system to generate a plot of the one or more minimum resting Pd/Pa ratios over time without inducing hyperemia in the blood vessel.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein identifying the dicrotic notch in the one or more sets of Pa values is performed by visual inspection.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein identifying the dicrotic notch in the one or more sets of Pa values is performed automatically by the intravascular data processing system.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein:
the step of sampling the sensor further comprises sampling the sensor during a pullback of the intravascular data collection probe through the blood vessel, and
the plot comprises the plurality of minimum resting Pd/Pa ratios that change over time during the pullback.