Passive, automatic wing control mechanism for vessel
Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a passive, automatic wing-control mechanism for sailing vessels. A cam is attached to one end of a rotatable mast as part of a rotatable wing, and a tensioner is configured to exert a constant force perpendicularly against the cam. When a wing is in a no-go sailing angle with respect to an apparent wind, the cam does not exert a torque on the mast. When the wing is outside the no-go sailing angle, the cam exerts a counter-torque to a torque caused by the apparent wind acting on the rotatable wing, causing the wing to remain at a predetermined angle with respect to the apparent wind.
1. A mechanism to automatically control an orientation of a wing off a sailing vessel, comprising:
a cam comprising a dwell portion and a nose portion that form a cam profile, and a retainer formed longitudinally therethrough for securing a mast of the wing therein;
a tensioner comprising a first portion in contact with the cam profile and exerting a predetermined force perpendicularly against the cam profile;
wherein the dwell portion comprises a constant first radius from a center point of the retainer between a first cam angle and a second cam angle, and the nose portion comprises a symmetric nose profile that causes the cam to produce a counter-torque against the mast when the tensioner is in contact with the nose profile.
2. The mechanism of claim 1 , wherein the counter-torque is equal to a torque generated by the mast as wind acts on the wing.
3. The mechanism of claim 1 , wherein the cam produces no counter-torque against the mast when the tensioner is in contact with the dwell portion.
4. The mechanism of claim 1 , wherein the counter-torque generated by the cam is constant as the cam is rotated by the mast.
5. The mechanism of claim 1 , wherein the counter-torque is zero as the cam is rotated by the mast along the dwell portion, and the cam generates a constant counter-torque as the cam is rotated against the tensioner along the nose profile.
6. The mechanism of claim 1 , wherein a dwell angle associated with the dwell portion is equal to a no-go sailing angle of the sailing vessel.
7. A sailing vessel comprising a sail coupled to a mast, the sailing vessel comprising:
a deck;
a mast mount formed into the deck;
a cam comprising a mast hole co-located with the mast mount;
the mast, having a first end portion rotatably secured within the mast mount and fixedly secured to the cam;
a tensioner comprising a first portion in contact with a cam profile of the cam and exerting a predetermined force perpendicularly against the cam profile;
wherein the cam profile comprises a dwell portion and a nose portion, the nose portion configured to generate a counter-torque to counteract a mast torque produced by the mast.
8. The sailing vessel of claim 7 , wherein the counter-torque is equal in magnitude to the mast torque.
9. The sailing vessel of claim 7 , wherein the cam produces no counter-torque against the mast when the tensioner is in contact with the dwell portion.
10. The sailing vessel of claim 7 , wherein the counter-torque remains constant as the mast rotates the nose portion of the cam against the tensioner.
11. The sailing vessel of claim 7 , wherein the counter-torque is zero as the cam is rotated by the mast along the dwell portion, and the cam generates a constant counter-torque as the cam is rotated against the tensioner along the nose profile.
12. The sailing vessel of claim 7 , wherein a dwell angle associated with the dwell portion is equals a no-go sailing angle of the sailing vessel.
13. A mechanism to automatically control an orientation of a rotatable mast of a sailing vessel, the mast producing a mast torque as an apparent wind acts on a sail coupled to the mast, the mechanism comprising:
means for producing a counter-torque against the mast torque when the mast is rotated by the apparent wind to a first orientation, comprising a retainer formed longitudinally therethrough for securing an end portion of the mast therein, a cam, comprising a dwell portion comprising a constant first radius from a center point of the retainer between a first cam angle and a second cam angle, and a nose portion comprising a symmetric nose profile that causes the cam to produce the counter-torque against the mast when the tensioner is in contact with the nose profile;
means for exerting a predetermined force perpendicularly against the means for producing the counter-torque;
wherein the counter-torque is equal in magnitude to the mast torque, causing the mast orientation to remain at a predetermined orientation with respect to the apparent wind.
14. The mechanism of claim 13 , wherein a magnitude of the counter-torque is equal to a magnitude of the mast torque.
15. The mechanism of claim 13 , wherein the means for producing a counter-torque produces no counter-torque when the mast is rotated by the apparent wind into a second orientation.
16. The mechanism of claim 13 , wherein a magnitude of the counter-torque is constant as the means for producing a counter-torque is rotated by the mast against the means for exerting a predetermined force between a first orientation angle and a second orientation angle.
17. The mechanism of claim 13 , wherein the first orientation comprises an angle with respect to the apparent wind that is outside of a no-go sailing angle of the sailing vessel.