Electrophoretic active delivery system including porous conductive electrode layer
An active molecule delivery system whereby active molecules can be released on demand and/or a variety of different active molecules can be delivered from the same system and/or different concentrations of active molecules can be delivered from the same system. The active molecule delivery system includes a first electrode, a plurality of microcells, and a porous conductive layer. The microcells are filled with a medium including active molecules.
1. An active molecule delivery system comprising:
a top electrode;
a plurality of microcells containing an active formulation and having an opening, the active formulation comprising active molecules and charged particles that move in the presence of an electric field;
a porous conductive layer, wherein the plurality of microcells are disposed between the top electrode and the porous conductive layer, and oriented so that the porous conductive layer is adjacent the microcell openings; and
a voltage source coupled to the top electrode and the porous conductive layer;
wherein the electric field is applied by the voltage source and causes a motion of the charged particles away from the porous conductive layer, thereby allowing delivery of the active molecules via the porous conductive layer.
2. The active molecule delivery system of claim 1 , further comprising a sealing layer between the openings of the microcells and the porous conductive layer.
3. The active molecule delivery system of claim 1 , further comprising a porous diffusion layer.
4. The active molecule delivery system of claim 3 , further comprising an adhesive layer adjacent to the porous diffusion layer.
5. The active molecule delivery system of claim 4 , further comprising a backing layer adjacent to the adhesive layer.
6. The active molecule delivery system of claim 3 , wherein the porous diffusion layer comprises an acrylate, a methacrylate, a polycarbonate, a polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polyvinylidene chloride, acrylonitrile, amorphous nylon, oriented polyester, terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polyisobutylene, or polystyrene.
7. The active molecule delivery system of claim 3 , wherein the porous diffusion layer has an average pore size of between 10 nm and 100 μm.
8. The active molecule delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the active formulation includes a pharmaceutical compound.
9. The active molecule delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the active formulation includes an active and a biocompatible non-polar liquid.
10. The active molecule delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the active formulation includes an active and an aqueous liquid.
11. The active molecule delivery system of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of microcells has a volume greater than 100 nL.
12. The active molecule delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of microcells includes a first microcell, containing the active formulation, and a second microcell, containing a second active formulation.
13. The active molecule delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of microcells includes a first microcell, containing a first concentration of the active formulation, and a second microcell, containing a second concentration of the active formulation.
14. The active molecule delivery system of claim 1 , further comprising a second electrode, adjacent to the top electrode, and located on the same side of the plurality of microcells as the top electrode.
15. The active molecule delivery system of claim 14 , wherein the top electrode and the second electrode are independently addressable.
16. The active molecule delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the porous conductive layer comprises a conductive mesh.
17. The active molecule delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the porous conductive layer comprises a mat of conductive filaments.
18. The active molecule delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the porous conductive layer comprises a conductive porous film.
19. The active molecule delivery system of claim 18 , wherein the conductive porous film is coated with graphite.