Synthetic caustic composition
An aqueous caustic composition comprising: a caustic component; an amino acid additive adapted to provide an extended buffering effect to the caustic composition when such is exposed to an acid; and water, wherein the caustic component and the amino acid additive are present in a molar ratio ranging from 15:1 to 5:1. Methods of using such compositions are also disclosed.
1. An aqueous caustic composition comprising:
a caustic component present in a concentration ranging from 5 wt % to 40 wt % of the aqueous caustic composition;
an amino acid additive present in a concentration ranging from 2 wt % to 25 wt % of the aqueous caustic composition, wherein the amino acid additive is adapted to provide an extended buffering effect to the aqueous caustic composition when such is exposed to an acid; and
water;
wherein the amino acid additive is selected from the group consisting of: alanine; arginine; asparagine; aspartic acid; cysteine; glutamic acid; glutamine; histidine; isoleucine; leucine; lysine; methionine; phenylalanine; proline; serine; threonine; tryptophan; tyrosine; valine; and salts thereof, and
wherein the amino acid additive buffers a pH of the aqueous caustic composition between 8.25 and 10.
2. The aqueous caustic composition according to claim 1 , wherein the caustic component is selected from the group consisting of: potassium hydroxide; sodium hydroxide; and combinations thereof.
3. The aqueous caustic composition according to claim 1 , wherein the amino acid additive is selected from the group consisting of: lysine monohydrochloride; threonine; and methionine.
4. The aqueous caustic composition according to claim 1 , wherein the caustic component is present in a concentration ranging from 10 wt% to 30 wt % of the aqueous caustic composition.
5. The aqueous caustic composition according to claim 1 , wherein the caustic component is present in a concentration ranging from 15 wt% to 25 wt % of the aqueous caustic composition.
6. The aqueous caustic composition according to claim 1 , wherein the caustic component is present in a concentration of approximately 25 wt % of the aqueous caustic composition.
7. The aqueous caustic composition according to claim 1 , wherein the amino acid additive is present in a concentration ranging from 4 wt % to 15 wt % of the aqueous caustic composition.
8. The aqueous caustic composition according to claim 1 , wherein the amino acid additive is present in a concentration ranging from 4 wt % to 10 wt % of the aqueous caustic composition.
9. The aqueous caustic composition according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous caustic composition has a freezing point of less than −18° C.
10. The aqueous caustic composition according to claim 1 , wherein the amino acid additive is lysine monohydrochloride and wherein the aqueous caustic composition has a freezing point of about −45° C.
11. The aqueous caustic composition according to claim 1 , where the caustic component and the amino acid additive are present in a molar ratio ranging from 15:1 to 5:1.
12. The aqueous caustic composition according to claim 1 , wherein the amino acid additive is selected from the group consisting of lysine monohydrochloride, threonine, and methionine, wherein the caustic component is one or more of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.
13. A fracturing fluid comprising a crosslinked polymer and the aqueous caustic composition according to claim 1 .
14. The fracturing fluid according to claim 13 , wherein the crosslinked polymer is a borate or zirconate crosslinked guar gum polymer.
15. The fracturing fluid according to claim 13 , wherein the crosslinked polymer comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of a guar gum, a carboxymethyl guar gum, a hydroxymethyl guar gum, a hydroxypropylethyl guar gum, an o-carboxymethyl-o-hydroxypropyl guar gum, an ammonium hydroxyl propyl trimethyl chloride of guar gum, an o-carboyxymethyl-o-2 hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonia propyl) guar gum, an acryloyloxy guar gum, a methacryloyl guar gum, a hydroxy propyl guar, a carboxy methyl guar, a carboxy methyl hydroxy propyl guar, and guar.
16. An aqueous caustic composition comprising:
a caustic component;
an amino acid additive adapted to provide an extended buffering effect to the aqueous caustic composition when such is exposed to an acid, wherein the amino acid additive buffers a pH of the aqueous caustic composition between 8.25 and 10; and
water;
wherein the amino acid additive is selected from the group consisting of: alanine; arginine; asparagine; aspartic acid; cysteine; glutamic acid; glutamine; histidine; isoleucine; leucine; lysine; methionine; phenylalanine; proline; serine; threonine; tryptophan; tyrosine; valine; and salts thereof, and
wherein the caustic component is present in a concentration of up to 40 wt % of the aqueous caustic composition and the caustic component and the amino acid additive are present in a molar ratio ranging from 15:1 to 5:1.
17. The aqueous caustic composition according to claim 16 , where the caustic component and the amino acid additive are present in a molar ratio ranging from 12:1 to 8:1.
18. The aqueous caustic composition according to claim 16 , wherein the caustic component comprises hydroxide anion and a monovalent cation.
19. The aqueous caustic composition according to claim 16 , wherein the aqueous caustic composition has a freezing point of less than −18° C.
20. The aqueous caustic composition according to claim 16 , wherein the amino acid additive is selected from the group consisting of lysine monohydrochloride, threonine, and methionine, wherein the caustic component is one or more of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.