PVC compositions, films, laminates and related methods
Polyvinyl chloride compositions and films formed therefrom are described which exhibit improved printability and resistance to weathering. The compositions generally comprise polyvinyl chloride, at least one plasticizer, at least one heat stabilizer, certain UV stabilizer(s), and print additives and/or other agents. In particular versions, the compositions utilize a combination of polyvinyl chloride resins. Also described are various vinyl-based laminates using the films which can be for example reflective products. Also described are methods of producing the noted laminates.
1. A vinyl film comprising:
polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
at least one plasticizer;
at least one UV stabilizer;
at least one heat stabilizer; and
at least one print additive;
wherein the PVC includes:
from 15 to 60 parts per hundred of a low molecular weight PVC resin;
from 15 to 60 parts per hundred of an intermediate molecular weight PVC resin; and
from 40 to 90 parts per hundred of a high molecular weight PVC resin; and
wherein the film has a thickness within a range of from 1.20 mils (30.5 microns) to 2.00 mils (50.8 microns).
2. The vinyl film of claim 1 wherein the at least one plasticizer includes a bio-based plasticizer.
3. The vinyl film of claim 1 wherein the at least one UV stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of (i) oxanilide or oxanilide-based compounds, (ii) hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS), and (iii) combinations thereof.
4. The vinyl film of claim 1 wherein the at least one heat stabilizer is a barium-zinc heat stabilizer that includes both barium and zinc.
5. The vinyl film of claim 4 wherein the barium-zinc heat stabilizer includes both barium and zinc at a molar ratio greater than 3.85:1.
6. The vinyl film of claim 5 wherein the ratio is greater than 4:1.
7. The vinyl film of claim 1 wherein the print additive includes at least one agent selected from the group consisting of surfactants, polydimethyl siloxanes, and combinations thereof.
8. The vinyl film of claim 7 wherein the print additive includes surfactants and polydimethyl siloxanes in a weight ratio of 4.8:1.
9. The vinyl film of claim 7 wherein the print additive includes surfactants and polydimethyl siloxanes in an amount less than 1.60% by weight.
10. The vinyl film of claim 1 wherein the at least one PVC resin is present in an amount of from 30% to 85% by weight.
11. The vinyl film of claim 1 wherein the at least one plasticizer is present in an amount of from 15% to 50% by weight.
12. The vinyl film of claim 1 wherein the at least one PVC resin is present in an amount of from 30% to 85% by weight, and the at least one plasticizer is present in an amount of from 15% to 50% by weight.
13. The vinyl film of claim 1 further comprising at least one epoxide.
14. A laminate comprising:
a vinyl film;
a first adhesive layer;
optical components;
a spacing layer;
a metal layer; and
a second adhesive layer;
wherein the vinyl film includes polyvinyl chloride (PVC), at least one plasticizer, at least one UV stabilizer, at least one heat stabilizer, and at least one print additive;
wherein the PVC includes:
from 15 to 60 parts per hundred of a low molecular weight PVC resin;
from 15 to 60 parts per hundred of an intermediate molecular weight PVC resin;
from 40 to 90 parts per hundred of a high molecular weight PVC resin; and
wherein the film has a thickness within a range of from 1.20 mils (30.5 microns) to 2.00 mils (50.8 microns).
15. The laminate of claim 14 wherein at least a portion of the spacing layer is disposed between the optical components and the metal layer.
16. The laminate of claim 14 wherein the first adhesive layer is disposed between the vinyl film and at least one of (i) the optical components and (ii) the spacing layer.
17. The laminate of claim 14 wherein the metal layer is disposed between the spacing layer and the second adhesive layer.
18. The laminate of claim 14 wherein the vinyl film is disposed immediately adjacent to the first adhesive layer.
19. The laminate of claim 14 wherein the optical components are disposed between the first adhesive layer and the metal layer.
20. The laminate of claim 14 wherein the at least one plasticizer includes a bio-based plasticizer.
21. The laminate of claim 14 wherein the at least one UV stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of (i) oxanilide or oxanilide-based compounds, (ii) hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS), and (iii) combinations thereof.
22. The laminate of claim 14 wherein the at least one heat stabilizer is a barium-zinc heat stabilizer that includes both barium and zinc.
23. The laminate of claim 22 wherein the barium-zinc heat stabilizer includes both barium and zinc at a molar ratio greater than 3.85:1.
24. The laminate of claim 23 wherein the ratio is greater than 4:1.
25. The laminate of claim 14 wherein the print additive includes at least one agent selected from the group consisting of surfactants, polydimethyl siloxanes, and combinations thereof.
26. The laminate of claim 25 wherein the print additive includes surfactants and polydimethyl siloxanes in a weight ratio of 4.8:1.
27. The laminate of claim 25 wherein the print additive includes surfactants and polydimethyl siloxanes in an amount less than 1.60% by weight.
28. The laminate of claim 14 wherein the at least one PVC resin is present in an amount of from 30% to 85% by weight.
29. The laminate of claim 14 wherein the at least one plasticizer is present in an amount of from 15% to 50% by weight.
30. The laminate of claim 14 wherein the at least one PVC resin is present in an amount of from 30% to 85% by weight, and the at least one plasticizer is present in an amount of from 15% to 50% by weight.
31. The laminate of claim 14 wherein the first adhesive layer includes a urethane adhesive.
32. The laminate of claim 14 wherein the spacing layer includes a component selected from the group consisting of acrylics, polyvinyl butyrals, aliphatic urethanes, polyesters, copolymers of ethylene and an acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, vinyls, fluoropolymers, polyethylenes, cellulose acetate butyrate, polycarbonates, polyacrylates, and combinations thereof.
33. The laminate of claim 32 wherein the spacing layer includes polyvinyl butyral.
34. The laminate of claim 14 wherein the optical components are in a particulate form and are at least partially disposed in the spacing layer.
35. The laminate of claim 34 wherein the optical components include glass microspheres.
36. The laminate of claim 14 wherein the metal of the metal layer is silver or aluminum.
37. The laminate of claim 14 wherein the second adhesive layer includes a pressure sensitive adhesive.
38. The laminate of claim 14 wherein the vinyl film defines an outer face, the laminate further comprising at least one region of print on the outer face of the vinyl film.
39. The laminate of claim 14 further comprising:
a release liner disposed on the second adhesive layer.
40. The laminate of claim 14 wherein the film further includes at least one epoxide.