Strategic treatment of pressure ulcer using sub-epidermal moisture values
The present disclosure provides methods of identifying a patient in need of pressure ulcer treatment and treating the patient with clinical intervention selected based on sub-epidermal moisture values. The present disclosure also provides methods of stratifying groups of patients based on pressure ulcer risks and methods of reducing incidence of pressure ulcers in a care facility.
1. A method of assessing a patient, the method comprising the steps of:
performing an initial sub-epidermal moisture (SEM) scan of a body location selected for monitoring,
assigning the patient to a risk category selected from a group comprising a plurality of risk categories, wherein the assigning is based partially on the initial SEM scan of the body location,
calculating an initial delta value for the body location from the initial SEM scan,
determining that there is possible damage at the body location if the initial delta value is greater than a first threshold,
performing a subsequent SEM scan of the body location at a first time interval when the initial delta value is greater than the first threshold,
performing a subsequent SEM scan of the body location at a second time interval when the initial delta value is less than the first threshold, wherein the second time interval is longer than the first time interval, and
calculating a subsequent delta value for each of the subsequent SEM scans.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of assigning the patient to a risk category is based partially on the initial delta value.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:
not implementing an intervention if the initial delta value is less than a second threshold.
4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising the step of:
not implementing an intervention for the body location when the subsequent delta value is less than the second threshold.
5. The method of claim 3 , further comprising the step of:
implementing an intervention for the body location when the subsequent delta value is greater than or equal to the second threshold.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:
implementing an intervention if the initial delta value is greater than or equal to a second threshold.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the intervention is selected based partially on the body location and partially on the initial delta value.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the intervention is selected from a group comprising a standard mattress, a high-specification mattress, a low-friction sheet cover, a low-friction padded mattress surface, a silicone pad, a dressing, a heel boot, a barrier cream, a topical cream to enhance perfusion, turning the patient at a first interval, and turning the patient at a second interval that is shorter than the first interval.
9. The method of claim 6 , further comprising the step of:
not implementing an intervention for the body location when the subsequent delta value is less than the second threshold.
10. The method of claim 6 , further comprising the step of:
implementing an intervention for the body location when the subsequent delta value is greater than or equal to the second threshold.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first time interval and the second time interval are dependent upon the assigned risk category.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the group of risk categories comprises a low-risk category and an at-risk category.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the group of risk categories further comprises a high-risk category.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the step of performing an initial SEM scan comprises performing an initial risk assessment of the patient, and
the selection of the risk category is based partially on the results of the initial risk assessment.
15. A method of assessing a patient who has had a previous sub-epidermal moisture (SEM) scan at a body location, the method comprising the steps of:
assigning the patient to a risk category selected from a group comprising a plurality of risk categories, wherein the assigning is based partially on the previous SEM scan of the body location,
calculating a previous delta value for the previous SEM scan to establish a first threshold,
performing a SEM scan of the body location,
calculating a delta value for the SEM scan,
performing a subsequent SEM scan of the body location at a first time interval when the delta value is greater than or equal to the first threshold, and
performing a subsequent SEM scan of the body location at a second time interval that is shorter than the first time interval when the delta value is greater than or equal to a second threshold that is higher than the first threshold.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the first threshold is equal to the previous delta value.