Pre-coding in OFDM
A radio transceiver comprises a spreader that spreads a plurality N of data symbols with a set of N complex-valued orthogonal spreading codes to produce N spread symbols. The spreading codes comprise rows or columns of a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) matrix. A mapper maps each of the N spread symbols to one of a set of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers. A modulator modulates the N spread symbols onto the set of OFDM subcarriers to generate a discrete-time OFDM transmission signal. The spreading reduces the discrete-time OFDM transmission signal's peak to average power. The radio transceiver transmits the discrete-time OFDM transmission signal to a receiver that de-modulates and de-spreads the plurality N of data symbols.
1. A method, comprising:
selecting a plurality N of data symbols;
spreading the plurality N of data symbols with a set of N complex-valued orthogonal spreading codes to produce N spread symbols, wherein the set of N complex-valued orthogonal spreading codes comprises rows or columns of a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) matrix;
mapping each of the N spread symbols to one of a set of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers;
modulating the N spread symbols onto the set of OFDM subcarriers to generate a discrete-time OFDM transmission signal, wherein the spreading reduces peak-to-average-power of the discrete-time OFDM transmission signal; and
transmitting the discrete-time OFDM transmission signal to a receiver that de-modulates and de-spreads the plurality N of data symbols.
2. The method recited in claim 1 , further comprising providing for amplitude scaling of the N spread symbols.
3. The method recited in claim 1 , further comprising pulse-shaping the discrete-time OFDM transmission signal.
4. The method recited in claim 3 , wherein the pulse-shaping employs a frequency-domain pulse shape comprising at least one of a set of pulse shapes, the set comprising rectangle, triangle, cos α (x), Hanning, Hamming, Riesz, Riemann, De La Valle-Poussin, Tukey, Bohman, Poisson, Cauchy, Gaussian, Dolph-Chebyshev, Kaiser-Bessel, Barcilon-Temes, Blackman, and Blackman-Harris.
5. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the set of OFDM subcarriers comprises OFDM subcarriers assigned to a transceiver apparatus based on channel-dependent scheduling.
6. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the plurality N of data symbols comprises control information.
7. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the spreading employs an N-point DFT and the modulating employs an M-point inverse-DFT, wherein M>N.
8. The method recited in claim 1 , wherein at least one of the spreading and the modulating employs a fast Fourier transform.
9. An apparatus, comprising:
a spreader configured to spread a plurality N of data symbols with a set of N complex-valued orthogonal spreading codes to produce N spread symbols, wherein the set of N complex-valued orthogonal spreading codes comprises rows or columns of a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) matrix;
a mapper configured to map each of the N spread symbols to one of a set of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers;
a modulator configured to modulate the N spread symbols onto the set of OFDM subcarriers to generate a discrete-time OFDM transmission signal, wherein the spreading reduces peak-to-average-power of the discrete-time OFDM transmission signal; and
a radio transmitter configured to transmit the discrete-time OFDM transmission signal to a receiver that de-modulates and de-spreads the plurality N of data symbols.
10. The apparatus recited in claim 9 , wherein at least one of the spreader and the modulator is configured to perform amplitude scaling of the N spread symbols.
11. The apparatus recited in claim 9 , further comprising a pulse-shaping filter configured to perform pulse-shaping of the discrete-time OFDM transmission signal.
12. The apparatus recited in claim 11 , wherein the pulse-shaping filter employs a frequency-domain pulse shape comprising at least one of a set of pulse shapes, the set comprising rectangle, triangle, cos α (x), Hanning, Hamming, Riesz, Riemann, De La Valle-Poussin, Tukey, Bohman, Poisson, Cauchy, Gaussian, Dolph-Chebyshev, Kaiser-Bessel, Barcilon-Temes, Blackman, and Blackman-Harris.
13. The apparatus recited in claim 9 , wherein the set of OFDM subcarriers comprises OFDM subcarriers assigned to a transceiver apparatus based on channel-dependent scheduling.
14. The apparatus recited in claim 9 , wherein the plurality N of data symbols comprises control information.
15. The apparatus recited in claim 9 , wherein the spreader employs an N-point DFT and the modulating employs an M-point inverse-DFT, wherein M>N.
16. The apparatus recited in claim 9 , wherein at least one of the spreader and the modulator employs a fast Fourier transform.
17. An apparatus, comprising:
a processor; and
a memory coupled to the processor, the memory including a set of instructions stored therein and executable by the processor for:
selecting a plurality N of data symbols;
spreading the data symbol block with a set of N complex-valued orthogonal spreading codes to produce N spread symbols, wherein the set of N complex-valued orthogonal spreading codes comprises row or columns of a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) matrix;
mapping each of the N spread symbols to one of a set of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers;
modulating the N spread symbols onto the set of OFDM subcarriers to generate a discrete-time OFDM transmission signal, wherein the spreading reduces peak-to-average-power of the discrete-time OFDM transmission signal; and
providing for transmitting the discrete-time OFDM transmission signal to a receiver that de-modulates and de-spreads the plurality N of data symbols.
18. The apparatus recited in claim 17 , wherein the memory includes a set of instructions stored therein and executable by the processor for performing amplitude scaling of the N spread symbols.
19. The apparatus recited in claim 17 , wherein the memory includes a set of instructions stored therein and executable by the processor for pulse-shaping the discrete-time OFDM transmission signal.
20. The apparatus recited in claim 19 , wherein the pulse-shaping employs a frequency-domain pulse shape comprising at least one of a set of pulse shapes, the set comprising rectangle, triangle, cos α (x), Hanning, Hamming, Riesz, Riemann, De La Valle-Poussin, Tukey, Bohman, Poisson, Cauchy, Gaussian, Dolph-Chebyshev, Kaiser-Bessel, Barcilon-Temes, Blackman, and Blackman-Harris.
21. The apparatus recited in claim 17 , wherein the set of OFDM subcarriers comprises OFDM subcarriers assigned to a transceiver apparatus based on channel-dependent scheduling.
22. The apparatus recited in claim 17 , wherein the plurality N of data symbols comprises control information.
23. The apparatus recited in claim 17 , wherein the spreading employs an N-point DFT and the modulating employs an M-point inverse-DFT, wherein M>N.
24. The apparatus recited in claim 17 , wherein at least one of the spreading and the modulating comprises a fast Fourier transform.