Heat transfer compositions, methods, and systems
A refrigerant composition, including trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I); 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234 yf ); difluoromethane (HFC-32); and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), for use in a heat exchange system, including refrigeration applications and in particular aspects to the use of such compositions as a replacement of the refrigerant R-404A for heating and cooling applications and to retrofitting heat exchange systems, including systems designed for use with R-404A.
1. A refrigerant comprising at least about 97% by weight of the following four compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
about 41 to about 49% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I);
about 36 to about 44% by weight 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf);
about 12 to about 15% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32); and
1 to 3.5±0.2% by weight carbon dioxide (CO2).
2. The refrigerant of claim 1 comprising at least about 98.5% by weight of the following four compounds in the relative amounts set forth below:
about 43 to about 47% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I);
about 38 to about 42% by weight 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf);
about 12 to about 15% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32); and
1 to 3.5±0.2% by weight carbon dioxide (CO2).
3. The refrigerant of claim 1 consisting essentially of the following four compounds in the relative amounts set forth below:
43 to 47% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I);
38 to 42% by weight 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf); 12 to 15% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32); and
1 to 3.5±0.2% by weight carbon dioxide (CO2).
4. The refrigerant of claim 1 consisting of the following four compounds in the relative amounts set forth below:
43 to 47% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I);
38 to 42% by weight 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf); 12 to 15% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32); and
1 to 3.5±0.2% by weight carbon dioxide (CO2).
5. The refrigerant of claim 1 comprising at least about 97% by weight of the following four compounds in the relative amounts set forth below:
45±1% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I);
40±1% by weight 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf); 13±1 by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32); and
2%±0.5 by weight carbon dioxide (CO2).
6. The refrigerant of claim 5 comprising at least about 98.5% by weight of the following four compounds in the relative amounts set forth below:
45±1% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I);
40±1% by weight 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf);
13±1% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32); and
2±0.5% by weight carbon dioxide (CO2), wherein said refrigerant is nonflammable as determined in accordance with the Non-Flammability Test and wherein said refrigerant has a GWP of less than 100.
7. The refrigerant of claim 4 wherein said refrigerant is nonflammable as determined in accordance with the Non-Flammability Test and wherein said refrigerant has a GWP of less than 100.
8. The refrigerant of claim 1 consisting essentially of the following four compounds in the relative amounts set forth below:
45±1% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I);
40±1% by weight 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf); 13±1% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32); and
2±0.5% by weight carbon dioxide (CO2).
9. The refrigerant of claim 1 consisting of the following four compounds in the relative amounts set forth below:
45±1% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I);
40±1% by weight 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf); 13±1% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32); and
2±0.5% by weight carbon dioxide (CO2).
10. A heat transfer composition comprising a refrigerant of claim 7 .
11. The heat transfer composition of claim 10 further comprising a stabilizer comprising an alkylated naphthalene and/or a diene based compound and/or isobutylene.
12. The heat transfer composition of claim 11 further comprising a lubricant selected from the group consisting of polyol esters (POEs), polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), PAG oils, silicone oils, mineral oil, alkylbenzenes (ABs), polyvinyl ethers (PVE) and poly(alpha-olefin) (PAO).
13. The heat transfer composition of claim 12 wherein the lubricant is a polyolester (POE).
14. A heat transfer composition comprising the refrigerant of claim 1 , an alkylated naphthalene stabilizer and a lubricant.
15. The heat transfer composition of claim 14 wherein said alkylated naphthalene comprises AN10 and wherein said lubricant is selected from the group consisting of polyol esters (POEs), polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), PAG oils, silicone oils, mineral oil, alkylbenzenes (ABs), polyvinyl ethers (PVE) and poly(alpha-olefin) (PAO).
16. The heat transfer composition of claim 15 further comprising a limonene.
17. A heat transfer system comprising:
a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, a sequestration material, and a heat transfer composition, wherein:
(a) said heat transfer composition comprises a POE lubricant and a refrigerant comprising at least about 97% by weight of the following four compounds, with each compound being present in the following relative percentages:
about 43 to about 47% by weight trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I);
about 38 to about 42% by weight 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf); about 12 to about 15% by weight difluoromethane (HFC-32); and
1 to 3.5±0.2% by weight carbon dioxide (CO2); and
(b) said sequestration material is comprises:
i. activated alumina, or
ii. a zeolite molecular sieve comprising copper, silver, lead or a combination thereof, or
iii. an anion exchange resin, or
iv. a moisture-removing material, or
v. a combination of two or more of the above.
18. The heat transfer system of claim 17 further comprising an oil separator located downstream of the compressor and wherein said sequestration material is located inside the oil separator such that said POE lubricant contacts the sequestration material(s) during operation of said system.
19. A chiller comprising the heat transfer system of claim 18 .
20. A commercial refrigeration system comprising the heat transfer system of claim 18 .