Apparatus and process for producing additive manufactured metal matrix composites and articles of manufacture thereof
A method, product, apparatus, and article of manufacture for the application of the Composite Based Additive Manufacturing (CBAM) method to produce objects in metal, and in metal fiber hybrids or composites. The approach has many advantages, including the ability to produce more complex geometries than conventional methods such as milling and casting, improved material properties, higher production rates and the elimination of complex fixturing, complex tool paths and tool changes and, for casting, the need for patterns and tools. The approach works by slicing a 3D model, selectively printing a fluid onto a sheet of substrate material for each layer based on the model, flooding onto the substrate a powdered metal to which the fluid adheres in printed areas, clamping and aligning a stack of coated sheets, heating the stacked sheets to melt the powdered metal and fuse the layers of substrate, and removing excess powder and unfused substrate.
1. A system for producing a 3-D metal object, comprising:
an inkjet printer configured to print individual layers of a file of layers of the 3D metal object with fluid onto a plurality of sheets of composite substrate material, each sheet of composite substrate material representing a shape of the 3-D metal object at a particular layer;
a trough containing a mixture of powdered metal and flux, the trough configured to flood at least a portion of the mixture onto each sheet of composite substrate material to produce a plurality of composite powdered sheets, the powdered mixture adhering selectively to the fluid on each composite powdered sheet as a printed shape;
at least one composite powdered sheet, the powdered metal adhering selectively to the fluid on each sheet of the composite substrate material as a printed shape;
a removal device to remove excess powder from each composite powdered sheet after each composite powdered sheet is first printed by the inkjet printer and subsequently flooded with said powdered metal and flux;
a fixture constructed to stack the composite powdered sheets in registered alignment, after excess powder removal, to form a stack of said composite powdered sheets, wherein each sheet in the stack of composite powdered sheets corresponds to a layer in the file of layers.
2. The apparatus system of claim 1 , further comprising a heating and compressing device constructed to heat and compress the stack of composite powdered sheets to melt the powdered metal mixture and fuse the layers producing the 3-D metal object.
3. The system of claim 2 , further comprising a removal device configured to remove unfused material from the 3-D metal object.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the powdered metal is a solder powder.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the powdered metal is aluminum, iron, steel, copper, brass, titanium, tin or zinc.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein the removal device is a vibrator, an air jet, or a vacuum.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the flux is a powder.
8. The system of claim 2 , wherein the heating and compressing device uses a reducing atmosphere, a vacuum, or an inert atmosphere.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the powdered metal is aluminum or titanium, and the heating apparatus uses an inert atmosphere.
10. The system of claim 2 , wherein the heating apparatus raises temperature to the powdered metal's melting point.
11. The system of claim 3 , wherein the removal device removes unfused substrate material by air-blasting with an abrasive material or by chemical removal.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the fluid includes an anti-evaporant.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the anti-evaporant is alcohol.
14. The system of claim 12 , wherein the anti-evaporant chosen from the group consisting of glycols and pyrrolidones.