Polymers and methods of making the same
An aspect of the present disclosure is a composition that includes where R 1 includes at least one of a saturated hydrocarbon and/or an unsaturated hydrocarbon, R 3 includes at least one of a saturated hydrocarbon and/or an unsaturated hydrocarbon, A includes at least one of a saturated hydrocarbon or an unsaturated hydrocarbon, 1≤x≤1000, and 1≤y≤1000.
1. A composition comprising:
wherein:
R 2 comprises a hydrocarbon,
R 3 comprises an unsaturated straight-chained hydrocarbon having between 2 and 4 carbon atoms, inclusively, and at least one double bond,
A comprises a benzene ring or a saturated straight-chained hydrocarbon having 3 or 4 carbon atoms,
1≤x≤1000, and
1≤y≤1000.
2. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising an end-group comprising at least one of hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a halogen, or an ether.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein R 2 further comprises at least one of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or a halogen.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein R 3 further comprises at least one of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or a halogen.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein A further comprises at least one of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or a halogen.
6. The composition of claim 1 having a structure comprising at least one of
7. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising R 5 , wherein:
the composition has a structure comprising
R 5 is derived from reacting a molecule having at least one vinyl group with at least one of the double bonds of R 3 ,
1≤a≤1000, and
1≤b≤1000.
8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein R 5 is derived from at least one of styrene, styrenic divinylbenzene, acrylic acid, or methacrylic acid.
9. The composition of claim 7 , further comprising a fiber, wherein the structure and the fiber form a reinforced plastic.
10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the fiber comprises at least one of a fiberglass, a carbon fiber, a basalt fiber, or a bio-derived fiber.
11. A method for making a polymer, the method comprising:
reacting maleic anhydride with a molecule haying a first structure comprising
wherein:
R 2 comprises a first hydrocarbon,
A comprises a second hydrocarbon,
1≤x≤10000, and
the reacting produces a polymer haying a second structure comprising
12. A method for making a polymer, the method comprising:
reacting
with a molecule having a first structure comprising
wherein:
R 2 comprises a first hydrocarbon,
A comprises a second hydrocarbon,
1≤x≤10000, and
the reacting produces a polymer having a second structure comprising
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein A is derived from at least one of propanediol, butanediol, or benzene-dimethanol.
14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein R 2 is derived from at least one of propanediol, butanediol, or benzene-dimethanol.
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is derived from at least one of muconic acid, maleic anhydride, or fumaric acid.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein A is derived from at least one of propanediol, butanediol, or benzene-dimethanol.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein R 2 is derived from at least one of propanediol, butanediol, or benzene-dimethanol.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein A is derived from at least one of propanediol, butanediol, or benzene-dimethanol.
19. The method of claim 12 , wherein R 2 is derived from at least one of propanediol, butanediol, or benzene-dimethanol.