Electrodialytic liquid desiccant dehumidifying system

1. A liquid desiccant system, comprising:

an electrodialytic stack comprising:

a liquid desiccant loop with a diluted stream and a concentrated stream of liquid desiccant separated by a central ionic exchange membrane;

a redox shuttle loop with first and second redox streams separated from the diluted stream and the concentrated stream of the liquid desiccant loop by respective first and second outer ionic exchange membranes of a different type than the central ionic exchange membrane; and

first and second electrodes that are operable to apply a voltage across the electrodialytic stack; and

an air-liquid interface in fluid communication with the concentrated stream of the liquid desiccant, the air-liquid interface exposing the concentrated stream of the liquid desiccant to air flowing across the air-liquid interface, the concentrated stream being diluted via absorption of water from the air to form an output stream, the output stream being circulated back into the liquid desiccant loop of the electrodialytic stack.

2. The liquid desiccant system of claim 1 , further comprising:

a first pump that circulates the liquid desiccant through the electrodialytic stack and the air-liquid interface, the output stream from the air-liquid interface being split into the diluted stream and the concentrated stream upon entry into the electrodialytic stack; and

a second pump that circulates the first and second redox streams across the first and second outer ion exchange membranes.

3. The liquid desiccant system of claim 1 , wherein the central ionic exchange membrane comprises a cation exchange membrane and wherein the first and second outer ionic exchange membranes comprise anion exchange membranes.

4. The liquid desiccant system of claim 1 , wherein the central ionic exchange membrane comprises an anion exchange membrane and wherein the first and second outer ionic exchange membranes comprise cation exchange membranes.

5. The liquid desiccant system of claim 1 , further comprising heat transfer elements in thermal communications with the air-liquid interface, the heat transfer elements carrying heat generated from the absorption of the water from the air into the output stream at the air-liquid interface to a heat sink.

6. The liquid desiccant system of claim 1 , further comprising a reservoir that stores a portion of at least one of the diluted stream and the concentrated stream of the liquid desiccant, the stored portion being added to the liquid desiccant loop if the water absorbed from the air does not equal an amount of water added to the diluted stream.

7. The liquid desiccant system of claim 1 , further comprising an electrodialytic battery in fluid communication with a reservoir storing a portion of fluid from the redox shuttle loop, the stored portion being used to generate electricity via the electrodialytic battery.

8. The liquid desiccant system of claim 1 , further comprising a reservoir that captures water by storing the diluted stream.

9. The liquid desiccant system of claim 1 , further comprising a water treatment system coupled to the diluted stream, wherein the water treatment system uses a water treatment process other than an electrodialytic stack.

10. The liquid desiccant system of claim 1 , wherein the voltage causes:

a first ionic movement across the central ionic exchange membrane and the first outer ionic exchange membrane resulting in a desiccant concentrate moving from the diluted stream to the first redox stream and to the concentrated stream; and

a second ionic movement across the second outer exchange membrane that causes movement of the desiccant concentrate from the second redox stream to the concentrated stream.

11. The liquid desiccant system of claim 10 , wherein the desiccant concentrate comprises LiCl.

12. The liquid desiccant system of claim 10 , wherein the redox shuttle loop comprises ferrocyanide/ferricyanide [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4−/3− or a negatively charged ferrocene derivative.

13. The liquid desiccant system of claim 10 , wherein the redox shuttle loop comprises a positively charged ferrocene derivative.

14. The liquid desiccant system of claim 1 , further comprising:

a second redox shuttle loop with third and fourth redox streams separated from a second dilute stream and a second concentrate stream of the liquid desiccant loop by respective third and fourth outer ionic exchange membranes; and

a second central ionic exchange membrane between the third and fourth outer ionic exchange membranes, the voltage causing second ionic movement across the second central ionic exchange membrane and the third outer ionic exchange membrane that causes desiccant concentrates from the second diluted stream to be moved to the third redox stream and to the second concentrated stream.

15. The liquid desiccant system of claim 14 , wherein the dilute stream of the liquid desiccant loop is split into the second dilute stream and the second concentrated stream as it exits from membrane contact with the redox shuttle loop such that the second diluted stream flows between the second central ionic exchange membrane and the third outer ionic exchange membrane and the second concentrated stream flows between the second central ionic exchange membrane and the fourth outer ionic exchange membrane.

16. The liquid desiccant system of claim 15 , wherein the second concentrated stream has approximately an equivalent desiccant concentrate level as the output stream and is remixed with the output stream.

17. The liquid desiccant system of claim 1 , further comprising:

a first holding reservoir that has an inlet that receives at least a portion of the concentrated stream of liquid desiccant after it exits the electrodialytic stack and an outlet that feeds the stored concentrated stream of liquid desiccant to the air-liquid interface; and

a second holding reservoir that has an inlet that receives at least a portion of the output stream after it exits the air-liquid interface and an outlet that feeds the stored output stream to the electrodialytic stack;

a first pump that circulates fluid in the second holding reservoir through the electrodialytic stack, the fluid being split into the dilute stream and the concentrated stream; and

a second pump that circulates fluid in the first holding reservoir through the air-liquid interface, the first pump and the second pump configured to operate independently of each other.

18. The liquid desiccant system of claim 17 , wherein at least a portion of fluid from the second holding reservoir is concentrated by the electrodialytic stack and stored in the first holding reservoir for later use.

19. The liquid desiccant system of claim 18 , wherein at least a portion of fluid from the first holding reservoir is diluted by the air-liquid interface and stored in the second holding reservoir for later use.

20. A method comprising:

circulating a liquid desiccant through an air-liquid interface;

flowing air across the air-liquid interface such that the liquid desiccant absorbs water from the air, the liquid desiccant being diluted via the absorption of the water to form an output stream;

splitting the output stream to a diluted stream and a concentrated stream at an input to an electrodialytic stack, the electrodialytic stack having a central ionic exchange membrane and first and second outer ionic exchange membrane of a different type than the central ionic exchange membrane;

flowing the diluted stream between the central ionic exchange membrane and the first outer ionic exchange membrane;

flowing the concentrated stream between the central ionic exchange membrane and the second outer ionic exchange membrane; and

circulating a redox shuttle loop around the first and second outer ionic exchange membranes; and

applying a voltage across the electrodialytic stack.

21. The method of claim 20 , wherein applying the voltage causes:

a first ionic movement across the central ionic exchange membrane and the first outer ionic exchange membrane resulting in a desiccant concentrate moving from the diluted stream to the redox shuttle loop and to the concentrated stream; and

a second ionic movement across the second outer exchange membrane that causes the desiccant concentrate to move from the redox shuttle loop to the concentrated stream.

22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the central ionic exchange membrane comprises a cation exchange membrane and wherein the first and second outer ionic exchange membranes comprise anion exchange membranes.

23. The method of claim 20 , further comprising draining the diluted stream from the electrodialytic stack.

24. The method of claim 20 , further comprising:

storing a portion of at least one of the diluted stream and the concentrated stream of the liquid desiccant; and

determining that the water absorbed from the air does not equal the water in the diluted stream, and in response thereto, adding the stored portion to at least one of the concentrated stream and the output stream.

25. The method of claim 20 , further comprising:

storing a portion of fluid from the redox shuttle loop; and

using the portion of the fluid to generate electricity via an electrodialytic battery.