Water-in-oil polyacrylamide-based microemulsions and related methods
A water-in-oil microemulsion, including a polyacrylamide, a fatty acid, a surfactant, an oil continuous phase, and an aqueous discontinuous phase in the oil continuous phase. The fatty acid includes a tall oil fatty acid, oleic acid, or a combination of a tall oil fatty acid and oleic acid. The water-in-oil microemulsion contains 6 to 48 parts by weight of the polyacrylamide, 30 to 62 parts by weight of the fatty acid, and 20 to 44 parts by weight of the surfactant per 100 parts by weight of the polyacrylamide, the fatty acid, and the surfactant combined.
1. A water-in-oil microemulsion, comprising:
a nonionic polyacrylamide;
a fatty acid comprising a tall oil fatty acid, oleic acid, or a combination of a tall oil fatty acid and oleic acid;
a surfactant;
an oil continuous phase;
an aqueous discontinuous phase in the oil continuous phase; and
a pesticide and/or a fertilizer,
wherein the water-in-oil microemulsion contains 6 to 48 parts by weight of the nonionic polyacrylamide, 30 to 62 parts by weight of the fatty acid, and 20 to 44 parts by weight of the surfactant per 100 parts by weight of the nonionic polyacrylamide, the fatty acid, and the surfactant combined.
2. The water-in-oil microemulsion of claim 1 , wherein the oil continuous phase comprises a methylated soybean oil.
3. The water-in-oil microemulsion of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid comprises myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, or a mixture thereof.
4. The water-in-oil microemulsion of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid comprises the tall oil fatty acid, and wherein the water-in-oil microemulsion contains 6 to 40 parts by weight of the nonionic polyacrylamide, 30 to 62 parts by weight of the tall oil fatty acid, and 20 to 44 parts by weight of the surfactant per 100 parts by weight of the nonionic polyacrylamide, the tall oil fatty acid, and the surfactant combined.
5. The water-in-oil microemulsion of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid comprises the tall oil fatty acid, and wherein the water-in-oil microemulsion contains 8 to 32 parts by weight of the nonionic polyacrylamide, 30 to 60 parts by weight of the tall oil fatty acid, and 24 to 43 parts by weight of the surfactant per 100 parts by weight of the nonionic polyacrylamide, the tall oil fatty acid, and the surfactant combined.
6. The water-in-oil microemulsion of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid comprises the oleic acid, and wherein the water-in-oil microemulsion contains 10 to 48 parts by weight of the nonionic polyacrylamide, 30 to 60 parts by weight of the oleic acid, and 20 to 39 parts by weight of the surfactant per 100 parts by weight of the nonionic polyacrylamide, the oleic acid, and the surfactant combined.
7. The water-in-oil microemulsion of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid comprises the oleic acid, and wherein the water-in-oil microemulsion contains 16 to 32 parts by weight of the nonionic polyacrylamide, 30 to 60 parts by weight of the oleic acid, and 24 to 38 parts by weight of the surfactant per 100 parts by weight of the nonionic polyacrylamide, the oleic acid, and the surfactant combined.
8. The water-in-oil microemulsion of claim 1 , wherein the water-in-oil microemulsion is homogenously dispersible in water or water-based mixtures to form a diluted product completely free of solid agglomerates of the nonionic polyacrylamide.
9. The water-in-oil microemulsion of claim 1 , further comprising an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide (EO/PO) block copolymer.
10. The water-in-oil microemulsion of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is nonionic and has a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of greater than 9.0.
11. The water-in-oil microemulsion of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant comprises an ethoxylate.
12. The water-in-oil microemulsion of claim 11 , wherein the ethoxylate comprises nonylphenol ethoxylate, an alcohol ethoxylate, a fatty acid ethoxylate, and combinations thereof.
13. The water-in-oil microemulsion of claim 1 , wherein the water-in-oil microemulsion has a total weight, and wherein the nonionic polyacrylamide constitutes up to about 15 percent by weight of the total weight.
14. The water-in-oil microemulsion of claim 1 , wherein:
the water-in-oil microemulsion has a total weight;
the nonionic polyacrylamide constitutes up to about 15 percent by weight of the total weight;
the fatty acid constitutes about 2 percent to about 5 percent by weight of the total weight; and
the surfactant comprises a nonionic surfactant constituting about 9 to about 20 percent by weight of the total weight.
15. The water-in-oil microemulsion of claim 1 , wherein the oil continuous phase comprises a methyl ester of cottonseed oil, canola oil, soybean oil, corn oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, or a combination thereof.
16. The water-in-oil microemulsion of claim 1 , wherein the oil continuous phase comprises a paraffinic oil, a naturally occurring oil, a derivative of naturally occurring oils, or a combination thereof.
17. A water-in-oil microemulsion, comprising:
a polyacrylamide;
a fatty acid comprising a tall oil fatty acid, oleic acid, or a combination of a tall oil fatty acid and oleic acid;
a surfactant;
an oil continuous phase;
an aqueous discontinuous phase in the oil continuous phase; and
a pesticide and/or a fertilizer,
wherein the water-in-oil microemulsion contains 6 to 48 parts by weight of the polyacrylamide, 30 to 62 parts by weight of the fatty acid, and 20 to 44 parts by weight of the surfactant per 100 parts by weight of the polyacrylamide, the fatty acid, and the surfactant combined,
wherein the polyacrylamide comprises a combination of a polyacrylamide homopolymer and a polyacrylamide copolymer.
18. The water-in-oil microemulsion of claim 17 , wherein the oil continuous phase comprises a methylated soybean oil.
19. The water-in-oil microemulsion of claim 17 , wherein the surfactant comprises an ethoxylate.
20. The water-in-oil microemulsion of claim 17 , wherein the surfactant is nonionic and has a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of greater than 9.0.