Vehicle engine-off heating and cooling climate control using super-heated fluid for heating
A vehicle has a climate control system using a heat pump having a condenser heat exchanger that exchanges heat between refrigerant and working fluid within a hot fluid chamber, and an evaporator heat exchanger that exchanges heat between refrigerant and working fluid within a cold fluid chamber. A super-heated fluid pressure vessel may be in fluid communication with the cold fluid chamber by way of a heat exchanger and an electrically controlled variable delivery valve, and has an electric heater that may be powered by a drivetrain battery or by a shore power source. The hot fluid chamber provides heat to at least one cabin heat exchanger and to at least one ambient air heat exchanger. The cold fluid chamber is connected to at least one vehicle interior cooling module, to a waste heat source, and to a cold fluid chamber to outside heat exchanger.
1. A vehicle having a climate control system, comprising:
a super-heated fluid pressure vessel;
an electric heating element within the super-heated fluid pressure vessel;
at least one heat exchanger in fluid communication with the super-heated fluid pressure vessel;
an electrically controlled variable delivery valve configured to control the flow of super-heated fluid from the super-heated fluid pressure vessel to the at least one heat exchanger;
a super-heated fluid return reservoir in fluid communication with the at least one heat exchanger and with the super-heated fluid pressure vessel; and
a positive displacement pump configured to pump fluid from the super-heated fluid return reservoir to the super-heated fluid pressure vessel.
2. The vehicle of claim 1 , further comprising:
a compressed air supply line having a pressure regulator in fluid communication with the super-heated fluid pressure vessel.
3. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein:
the at least one heat exchanger further comprises at least one cabin heat exchanger.
4. The vehicle of claim 1 , further comprising:
a heat pump having a refrigerant compressor, a condenser heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and an evaporator heat exchanger;
the condenser heat exchanger exchanging heat between refrigerant and working fluid within a hot fluid chamber;
the evaporator heat exchanger exchanging heat between refrigerant and working fluid within a cold fluid chamber; and
wherein the at least one heat exchanger further comprises a super-heated fluid to cold fluid chamber heat exchanger located within the cold fluid chamber and configured to exchange heat between the super-heated fluid from the super-heated fluid pressure vessel and the working fluid within the cold fluid chamber.
5. The vehicle of claim 4 , wherein:
the hot fluid chamber is selectively in fluid communication with at least one of:
at least one cabin heat exchanger, and
at least one hot fluid chamber to outside air heat exchanger.
6. The vehicle of claim 5 , wherein:
the cold fluid chamber is selectively in fluid communication with at least one of:
at least one vehicle interior cooling module, and
at least one cold fluid chamber to outside heat exchanger.
7. The vehicle of claim 6 , further comprising:
at least one fluid supply line and at least one fluid return line in fluid communication with the cold fluid chamber and with a waste heat source.
8. The vehicle of claim 6 , further comprising:
a system controller connected to at least one of:
the refrigerant compressor,
a hot fluid chamber to cabin heat exchanger pump arranged to circulate working fluid between the hot fluid chamber and the at least one cabin heat exchanger,
a hot fluid chamber to outside heat exchanger pump arranged to circulate working fluid between the hot fluid chamber and the at least one hot fluid chamber to outside heat exchanger,
a cold fluid chamber to vehicle interior cooling module pump arranged to circulate working fluid between the cold fluid chamber and the at least one vehicle interior cooling module,
a cold fluid chamber to outside heat exchanger pump arranged to circulate working fluid between the cold fluid chamber and the cold fluid chamber to outside heat exchanger,
the electrically controlled variable delivery valve,
the positive displacement pump, and
the electric heating element;
the system controller being further configured to cause the climate control system to at least one of:
heat the vehicle interior by circulating super-heated fluid between the super-heated fluid pressure vessel and the super-heated fluid to cold fluid chamber heat exchanger located within the cold fluid chamber, pump heat from the cold fluid chamber to the hot fluid chamber using the heat pump, and circulate working fluid between the hot fluid chamber and the at least one cabin heat exchanger,
heat the vehicle interior by circulating working fluid between the cold fluid chamber and the at least one cold fluid chamber to outside heat exchanger, pump heat from the cold fluid chamber to the hot fluid chamber using the heat pump, and circulate working fluid between the hot fluid chamber and the at least one cabin heat exchanger, and
cool the vehicle interior by circulating working fluid between the cold fluid chamber and the at least one vehicle interior cooling module, pump heat from the cold fluid chamber to the hot fluid chamber using the heat pump, and circulate working fluid between the hot fluid chamber and the at least one hot fluid chamber to outside air heat exchanger.
9. A climate control system of a vehicle, comprising:
a super-heated fluid pressure vessel;
an electric heating element within the super-heated fluid pressure vessel;
at least one heat exchanger in fluid communication with the super-heated fluid pressure vessel;
an electrically controlled variable delivery valve configured to control the flow of super-heated fluid from the super-heated fluid pressure vessel to the at least one heat exchanger;
a super-heated fluid return reservoir in fluid communication with the at least one heat exchanger and with the super-heated fluid pressure vessel; and
a positive displacement pump configured to pump fluid from the super-heated fluid return reservoir to the super-heated fluid pressure vessel.
10. The climate control system of claim 9 , further comprising:
a compressed air supply line having a pressure regulator in fluid communication with the super-heated fluid pressure vessel.
11. The climate control system of claim 9 , wherein:
the at least one heat exchanger further comprises at least one cabin heat exchanger.
12. The climate control system of claim 9 , further comprising:
a heat pump having a refrigerant compressor, a condenser heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and an evaporator heat exchanger;
the condenser heat exchanger exchanging heat between refrigerant and working fluid within a hot fluid chamber;
the evaporator heat exchanger exchanging heat between refrigerant and working fluid within a cold fluid chamber; and
wherein the at least one heat exchanger further comprises a super-heated fluid to cold fluid chamber heat exchanger located within the cold fluid chamber and configured to exchange heat between the super-heated fluid from the super-heated fluid pressure vessel and the working fluid within the cold fluid chamber.
13. The climate control system of claim 12 , wherein:
the hot fluid chamber is selectively in fluid communication with at least one of:
at least one cabin heat exchanger, and
at least one hot fluid chamber to outside air heat exchanger.
14. The climate control system of claim 13 , wherein:
the cold fluid chamber is selectively in fluid communication with at least one of:
at least one vehicle interior cooling module, and
at least one cold fluid chamber to outside heat exchanger.
15. The climate control system of claim 14 , further comprising:
at least one fluid supply line and at least one fluid return line in fluid communication with the cold fluid chamber and with a waste heat source.
16. The climate control system of claim 14 , further comprising:
a system controller connected to at least one of:
the refrigerant compressor,
a hot fluid chamber to cabin heat exchanger pump arranged to circulate working fluid between the hot fluid chamber and the at least one cabin heat exchanger,
a hot fluid chamber to outside heat exchanger pump arranged to circulate working fluid between the hot fluid chamber and the at least one hot fluid chamber to outside heat exchanger,
a cold fluid chamber to vehicle interior cooling module pump arranged to circulate working fluid between the cold fluid chamber and the at least one vehicle interior cooling module,
a cold fluid chamber to outside heat exchanger pump arranged to circulate working fluid between the cold fluid chamber and the cold fluid chamber to outside heat exchanger,
the electrically controlled variable delivery valve,
the positive displacement pump, and
the electric heating element;
the system controller being further configured to cause the climate control system to at least one of:
heat the vehicle interior by circulating super-heated fluid between the super-heated fluid pressure vessel and the super-heated fluid to cold fluid chamber heat exchanger located within the cold fluid chamber, pump heat from the cold fluid chamber to the hot fluid chamber using the heat pump, and circulate working fluid between the hot fluid chamber and the at least one cabin heat exchanger,
heat the vehicle interior by circulating working fluid between the cold fluid chamber and the at least one cold fluid chamber to outside heat exchanger, pump heat from the cold fluid chamber to the hot fluid chamber using the heat pump, and circulate working fluid between the hot fluid chamber and the at least one cabin heat exchanger, and
cool the vehicle interior by circulating working fluid between the cold fluid chamber and the at least one vehicle interior cooling module, pump heat from the cold fluid chamber to the hot fluid chamber using the heat pump, and circulate working fluid between the hot fluid chamber and the at least one hot fluid chamber to outside air heat exchanger.
17. A method of providing climate control in an occupant compartment of a vehicle, comprising the steps of:
selectively heating the occupant compartment by:
super-heating fluid in a pressure vessel using an electric heating element;
exchanging heat between the super-heated fluid and working fluid in a cold fluid chamber;
pumping heat from the working fluid in the cold fluid chamber to working fluid in a hot fluid chamber; and
circulating the working fluid between the hot fluid chamber and at least one cabin heat exchanger.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising the steps of:
further selectively heating the occupant compartment by extracting heat from the ambient environment by circulating working fluid between the cold fluid chamber and at least one cold fluid chamber to outside heat exchanger.
19. The method of claim 17 , further comprising the steps of:
further selectively heating the occupant compartment by recovering heat from a waste heat source by circulating working fluid between the cold fluid chamber and the waste heat source.
20. The method of claim 17 , further comprising the steps of:
selectively cooling the occupant compartment by:
circulating the working fluid between the cold fluid chamber and at least one vehicle interior cooling module;
pumping heat from the working fluid in the cold fluid chamber to working fluid in a hot fluid chamber; and
circulating the working fluid between the hot fluid chamber and at least one hot fluid chamber to outside air heat exchanger.