Alkaline battery cathode structures incorporating multiple carbon materials and orientations
Cathode active materials for alkaline cells are disclosed. In particular, the cathode structures encompass conductive carbons introduced to the cathode so as to have a specific spatial orientation and/or a multi-carbon structure. The overall intent is to leverage the conductor(s) provided to the cathode structure to improve electronic and ionic conductance and, by extension, improve battery discharge performance.
1. A method of making a cathode structure for an alkaline battery comprising:
a first mixing step including dispersing a first conductive material in a particulate active material and forming agglomerates in which the first conductive material is entrained within the agglomerates, wherein the active material comprises manganese dioxide; and
a second mixing step including adhering a second conductive material with at least a portion of a surface of the agglomerates; and
wherein the second conductive material comprises particles of a larger size in comparison to particles of the first conductive material.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the forming of agglomerates comprises compacting the dispersed first conductive material and particulate active material.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the manganese dioxide consists of at least 90 wt. % of the cathode structure.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first conductive material comprises synthetic graphite.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the second conductive material comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: unexpanded graphite, expanded graphite, graphene, graphite tubes, and graphite rods.
6. A method of making a cathode structure for an alkaline battery comprising:
a first mixing step including dispersing a first conductive material in a particulate active material and forming agglomerates in which the first conductive material is entrained within the agglomerates;
a second mixing step including adhering a second conductive material with at least a portion of a surface of the agglomerates; and
orienting the first conductive material to align the first conductive material in a common direction within the cathode structure; and
wherein the second conductive material comprises particles of a larger size in comparison to particles of the first conductive material.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the orienting of the first conductive material includes at least one of: stretching, freeze casting, co-extrusion, and magnetic orientation.
8. A method of making a cathode structure for an alkaline battery comprising:
a first mixing step including dispersing a first conductive material in a particulate active material and forming agglomerates in which the first conductive material is entrained within the agglomerates;
a second mixing step including adhering a second conductive material with at least a portion of a surface of the agglomerates; and
forming the cathode structure produced by the second mixing step into a tubular cylinder; and
wherein the second conductive material comprises particles of a larger size in comparison to particles of the first conductive material.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the forming the cathode structure is achieved by ring molding or impact molding.
10. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the forming of agglomerates comprises compacting the dispersed first conductive material and particulate active material.
11. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the first conductive material comprises synthetic graphite.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the second conductive material comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: unexpanded graphite, expanded graphite, graphene, graphite tubes, and graphite rods.
13. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the active material comprises manganese dioxide.
14. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the forming of agglomerates comprises compacting the dispersed first conductive material and particulate active material.
15. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the first conductive material comprises synthetic graphite.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the second conductive material comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: unexpanded graphite, expanded graphite, graphene, graphite tubes, and graphite rods.
17. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the active material comprises manganese dioxide.
18. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising orienting the first conductive material to align the first conductive material in a common direction within the cathode structure.
19. The method according to claim 8 , further comprising orienting the first conductive material to align the first conductive material in a common direction within the cathode structure.