Method of reducing the level of non-GM-CSF cytokines/chemokines in immunotherapy-related toxicity
Methods for reducing relapse rate or preventing occurrence of tumor relapse in a subject treated with immunotherapy, in an absence of an incidence of immunotherapy-related toxicity or in a presence of immunotherapy-related toxicity. Methods for reducing a level of a cytokine or chemokine other than GM-CSF in a subject having an incidence of immunotherapy-related toxicity, the methods comprising administering a recombinant GM-CSF antagonist to the subject. Methods for treating or preventing immunotherapy-related toxicity in a subject, the methods comprising administering to the subject chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T-cells (CAR-T cells), the CAR-T cells having a GM-CSF gene knockout (GM-CSF k/o CAR-T cells), and a recombinant hGM-CSF antagonist.
1. A method for reducing a level of a cytokine or chemokine other than GM-CSF in a subject having an incidence of immunotherapy-related toxicity, the method comprising administering to the subject a recombinant hGM-CSF antagonist, wherein the recombinant hGM-CSF antagonist is anti-hGM-CSF antibody lenzilumab, and wherein the level of the cytokine or chemokine is reduced compared to the level thereof in a subject during the incidence of immunotherapy-related toxicity.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said immunotherapy comprises adoptive cell transfer, administration of monoclonal antibodies, administration of a cancer vaccine, T cell engaging therapies, or any combination thereof.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said adoptive cell transfer comprises administering chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T-cells (CAR T-cells), T-cell receptor (TCR) modified T-cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified natural killer cells, or dendritic cells, or any combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the CAR-T cells are CD19 CAR-T cells.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anti-hGM-CSF antibody binds a human GM-CSF.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anti-hGM-CSF antibody binds a primate GM-CSF.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anti-hGM-CSF antibody binds a mammalian GM-CSF.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anti-hGM-CSF antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anti-hGM-CSF antibody is a human GM-CSF neutralizing antibody.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anti-hGM-CSF antibody is a recombinant or chimeric antibody.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anti-hGM-CSF antibody is a human antibody.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein cytokine or chemokine is a human cytokine or chemokine selected from the group consisting of IP-10, IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, IL-1Ra, VEGF, TNF-a, FGF-2, IFN-γ, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, sCD40L, MDC, MCP-1, MIP-1a, MIP-1b or a combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein cytokine or chemokine is selected from the group consisting of IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IP-10, KC, MCP-1, MIP or a combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject has acute lymphoblastic leukemia.