Method for obtaining alcohols from aldehydes
The present invention relates to a method for preparing saturated C n - and C 2n -alcohols, wherein the separation of the C n -alcohols and the C 2n -alcohols is effected by means of at least one two-column system or by means of at least one dividing wall column.
1. A method for preparing saturated and C 2n -alcohols where n=4, 5 and 6 comprising the method steps of
a) aldol condensation of isomeric C n -aldehydes where n=4, 5 and 6 to obtain a mixture of C n - and α,β-unsaturated C 2n -aldehydes, wherein the proportion of unbranched aldehydes is at least 20% by weight, based on the C n -aldehydes used where n=4, 5 and 6
b) hydrogenating the mixture of C n - and α,β-unsaturated C 2n -aldehydes obtained in a) with hydrogen to obtain a mixture of saturated C n and C 2n -alcohols and
c) phase separating the mixture of C n and C 2n -alcohols,
wherein the separation of the C n -alcohols and the C 2n -alcohols is effected by means of at least one two-column system or by means of at least one dividing wall column, wherein the isomer ratio of the C n -alcohol obtained is adjusted by the aldol condensation carried out in step a), wherein the proportion of linear C n -alcohols is at least 2 mol % and less than 60 mol %, based on the mixture of isomeric C n -alcohols, and wherein during phase separating, bottoms including the C n -alcohols having a water content of less than 1000 ppm.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the C n -aldehydes where n=4, 5 and 6 used in step a) were prepared by hydroformylation of isomeric olefins having 3 to 5 carbon atoms with synthesis gas in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst to form the aldehydes specified.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein in the hydroformylation a catalyst system is used which comprises rhodium as central atom and is complexed with the ligand (1):
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aldol condensation in step a) is carried out in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aldol condensation of the C n -aldehydes according to step a) is carried out in a tubular reactor which comprises at least one mixing module which disperses the reactant aldehyde into droplets having an average diameter (Sauter diameter) of 0.2 mm to 2 mm in the continuous catalyst phase (process liquor), which consists of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and sodium salts of carboxylic acids and has a sodium content of 0.6 to 1.75% by mass and a pH in the range from 12.5 to 13.5.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aldol condensation of the C n -aldehydes according to step a) is carried out in a temperature range of from 100 to 150° C.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a reaction pressure in a reactor during the aldol condensation of the C n -aldehydes according to step a) is in a range from 0.2 to 1.0 MPa.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenation according to step b) is carried out in a temperature range from 170° C. to 200° C. at a pressure of 15*10 5 Pa to 30*10 5 Pa over a supported catalyst which contains at least nickel and copper as active components.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a hydrogenation according to step b) is carried out with hydrogen in a pressure range from 5 to 100 bar and the hydrogenation temperatures are between 120 and 220° C.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein n=5.
11. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the aldol condensation in step a) is carried out in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
12. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the aldol condensation in step a) is carried out in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
13. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the aldol condensation of the C n -aldehydes according to step a) is carried out in a tubular reactor which comprises at least one mixing module which disperses the reactant aldehyde into droplets having an average diameter (Sauter diameter) of 0.2 mm to 2 mm in the continuous catalyst phase (process liquor), which consists of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and sodium salts of carboxylic acids and has a sodium content of 0.6 to 1.75% by mass and a pH in the range from 12.5 to 13.5.
14. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the aldol condensation of the C n -aldehydes according to step a) is carried out in a tubular reactor which comprises at least one mixing module which disperses the reactant aldehyde into droplets having an average diameter (Sauter diameter) of 0.2 mm to 2 mm in the continuous catalyst phase (process liquor), which consists of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and sodium salts of carboxylic acids and has a sodium content of 0.6 to 1.75% by mass and a pH in the range from 12.5 to 13.5.
15. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the aldol condensation of the C n -aldehydes according to step a) is carried out in a temperature range from 100 to 150° C.
16. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the aldol condensation of the C n -aldehydes according to step a) is carried out in a temperature range from 100 to 150° C.
17. The method according to claim 2 , wherein a reaction pressure in a reactor during the aldol condensation of the C n -aldehydes according to step a) is in a range from 0.2 to 1.0 MPa.
18. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the hydrogenation according to step b) is carried out in a temperature range from 170° C. to 200° C. at a pressure of 15*10 5 Pa to 30*10 5 Pa over a supported catalyst which contains at least nickel and copper as active components.
19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a hydrogenation according to step b) is carried out with hydrogen in a pressure range from 5 to 100 bar and the hydrogenation temperatures are between 120 and 220° C.
20. The method according to claim 2 , wherein n=5.