Two-phase thermal management devices, systems, and methods
Methods, systems, and device for two-phase thermal management are provided in accordance with various embodiments. For example, some embodiments include a two-phase thermal management device that may include: a liquid chamber; one or more inlets configured to deliver a liquid to the liquid chamber; an evaporator chamber; a capillary layer positioned within the evaporator chamber and configured to spread the liquid from the liquid chamber; a liquid manifold configured to deliver the liquid from the liquid chamber to at least the capillary layer or the evaporator chamber; and/or one or more outlets configured to remove at least a vapor or a portion of the liquid from the evaporator chamber. Some embodiments that may include a two-phase thermal management device coupled with at least: a heat exchanger, a pump, a heat recuperator, a pre-heater, and/or a variable volume reservoir. Some embodiments include a two-phase thermal management method.
1. A two-phase thermal management device comprising:
a liquid chamber;
one or more inlets configured to deliver a liquid to the liquid chamber;
an evaporator chamber;
a capillary layer positioned within the evaporator chamber and configured to spread the liquid from the liquid chamber;
a liquid manifold configured to deliver the liquid from the liquid chamber to the capillary layer through a plurality of apertures through the liquid manifold, wherein:
the capillary layer is positioned between a heat source coupled with the two-phase thermal management device and the plurality of apertures of the liquid manifold; and
the liquid impinges onto the capillary layer from the plurality of apertures at angles normal to the capillary layer positioned between the plurality of apertures of the liquid manifold and the heat source; and
one or more outlets configured to remove at least a vapor or a portion of the liquid from the evaporator chamber.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the capillary layer includes one or more microstructures.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the one or more microstructures include a wicking structure.
4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the wicking structure includes at least a woven screen, a mesh, or a foam.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of apertures include a plurality of nozzles.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the liquid manifold includes a flat plate with a plurality of pin holes as the plurality of apertures.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the liquid manifold includes at least one or more tubes or one or more capillary channels as the plurality of apertures configured to deliver the liquid from the liquid chamber to the capillary layer.
8. The device of claim 1 , further comprising one or more pumps coupled with at least the one or more inlets or the one or more outlets.
9. The device of claim 1 , further comprising one or more gravity reservoirs coupled with at least the one or more inlets such that the liquid is gravity fed to the one or more inlets.
10. The device of claim 2 , wherein the one or more microstructures are bonded to an interior side of an external layer of the two-phase thermal management device, wherein the external layer is configured to couple with the heat source.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more outlets are configured as diverging outlets to allow the vapor to expand from the two-phase thermal management device.
12. The device of claim 1 , wherein the capillary layer includes an external layer formed from a metal foil.
13. The device of claim 1 , wherein the capillary layer includes a textured surface.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein the capillary layer includes a plurality of pin fins.
15. The device of claim 1 , further comprising the heat source coupled to the external layer of the two-phase thermal management device.
16. The device of claim 3 , wherein the wicking structure includes a surface treatment of an interior surface of an external layer of the two-phase thermal management device.
17. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a variable-volume reservoir coupled with at least the one or more inlets or the one or more outlets such that at least a constant pressure or a constant temperature is maintained with respect to a boiling point of the liquid.
18. A two-phase thermal management method comprising:
delivering a liquid to a liquid chamber;
directing the liquid from the liquid chamber through a liquid manifold to a capillary layer within an evaporator chamber through a plurality of apertures through the liquid manifold, wherein:
the capillary layer is positioned between a heat source and the plurality of apertures of the liquid manifold; and
the liquid impinges onto the capillary layer from the plurality of apertures at angles normal to the capillary layer positioned between the plurality of apertures of the liquid manifold and the heat source;
spreading the liquid through the capillary layer;
heating the liquid spread through the capillary layer to form a vapor; and
removing the vapor from the evaporator chamber.