Imaging transfer to intermediate transfer member
An imaging device has first image transfer from photoconductive drums to an intermediate transfer member (ITM) and second image transfer from the ITM to media. Transfer rolls oppose the drums from an opposite side of the ITM and electrically ground to a frame of the imaging device by mechanical connection. The rolls may be laterally offset from the drums. The ITM has relatively low surface and volume resistivity. An imaging subassembly may include the frame, the ITM, and the transfer rolls grounded to the frame.
1. An imaging device having first and second image transfer, comprising:
a frame;
a photoconductive drum at the first image transfer;
an endless belt having first and second surfaces, the photoconductive drum contacting the first surface; and
a transfer roll opposing the photoconductive drum while contacting the second surface of the endless belt and being directly electrically grounded to the frame thereby the transfer roll having no electrical bias, the photoconductive drum and the transfer roll each having an axis of rotation laterally separated from one another in a range from about 1 to about 10 mm.
2. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the range is more narrowly about 5 to about 7 mm.
3. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the endless belt has a surface resistivity equal to or less than 10 9 ohms/square.
4. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the endless belt has a volume resistivity equal to or less than 10 10 ohms-cm.
5. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the endless belt has a surface resistivity equal to or less than 10 9 ohms/square and a volume resistivity equal to or less than 10 10 ohms-cm.
6. The imaging device of claim 1 , further including a conductive bushing biased into contact with a shaft of the transfer roll, the conductive bushing connecting electrically to the frame.
7. The imaging device of claim 6 , wherein the conductive bushing is V-shaped, the shaft of the transfer roll rotating in a notch of the conductive bushing.
8. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the transfer roll is nickel plated steel.
9. The imaging device of claim 1 , further including a controller configured to cause charging of cores of the photoconductive drum during use in a range of −200V to −600V.
10. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the endless belt, frame, and the transfer roll grounded to the frame define an imaging subassembly for placement in an interior of the imaging device for mating with the photoconductive drum at a location of the first image transfer.
11. In an imaging device having first and second image transfer, a method of transferring at the first transfer a toned image from a photoconductive drum to an intermediate transfer member, comprising:
directly grounding a transfer roll to a frame of the imaging device thereby imparting no electrical bias to the transfer roll, the transfer roll residing on an opposing side of the intermediate transfer member relative to the photoconductive drum, each of the transfer roll and photoconductive drum having an axis of rotation;
laterally offsetting from one another said each axis of rotation in a range from about 1 to about 10 mm;
charging the photoconductive drum to a negative voltage;
developing with toner a latent electrostatic image on the photoconductive drum to create the toned image;
rotating the toned image into contact with the intermediate transfer member; and
because of the voltage differential between the photoconductive drum and the directly grounded transfer roll, transferring the toned image from the photoconductive drum onto the intermediate transfer member.
12. The method of claim 11 , further including providing the intermediate transfer member as an endless belt with uniform thickness having a surface resistivity of 10 9 ohms/square or less and a volume resistivity of 10 10 ohms-cm or less.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein said laterally offsetting further includes a range of about 5 to about 7 mm.
14. The method of claim 11 , further including providing the transfer roll as nickel plated steel.
15. The method of claim 11 , further including biasing a conductive bushing into contact with a shaft of the transfer roll and grounding the conductive bushing to the frame.
16. The method of claim 11 , further including charging a core of the photoconductive drum to a voltage of −200 to −600 V inclusive.
17. An imaging device having first and second image transfer, comprising:
a frame;
a plurality of photoconductive drums for creating latent electrostatic images that become developed with toner;
an intermediate transfer member for receiving from the photoconductive drums at the first image transfer the electrostatic images developed with toner, the intermediate transfer member being an endless belt with uniform thickness having a surface resistivity of 10 9 ohms/square or less and a volume resistivity of 10 10 ohms-cm or less; and
a plurality of transfer rolls one each corresponding to each of the plurality of photoconductive drums and residing on an opposing side of the intermediate transfer member, said each of the plurality of transfer rolls being directly electrically grounded by mechanically connecting to the frame thereby imparting no electrical bias to any of the plurality of transfer rolls and being laterally offset from said each of the corresponding plurality of photoconductive drums.
18. The imaging device of claim 17 , wherein the lateral offset exists in a range from about 5 to about 7 mm.
19. The imaging device of claim 17 , further including conductive bushings biased into contact with a shaft of said each of the plurality of transfer rolls, the conductive bushings electrically connecting to the frame.
20. The imaging device of claim 17 , wherein the endless belt, frame, and the plurality of transfer rolls grounded to the frame define an imaging subassembly for placement in an interior of the imaging device for mating with the plurality of photoconductive drums.