Acoustic resonator
An acoustic resonator includes a piezoelectric stack including a piezoelectric layer having a top surface and a bottom surface, a top electrode layer disposed above the top surface, and a bottom electrode layer disposed below the bottom surface. A number of acoustic wave reflectors are disposed on a side of the bottom electrode layer opposite the piezoelectric layer. Each acoustic wave reflector includes a high acoustic impedance layer and may include a low acoustic impedance layer. The acoustic resonator may include a tether that extends laterally to a stacking direction of the layers of the piezoelectric stack. A supporting structure may be coupled to the tether opposite the acoustic resonator for anchoring the acoustic resonator. A mirror, one or more phononic crystals, or both may be positioned on proximate the tether opposite the acoustic resonator to avoid resonant waves from exiting the acoustic resonator in use.
1. An acoustic resonator comprising:
a piezoelectric stack comprising:
a piezoelectric layer having on opposite sides thereof a top surface and a bottom surface;
a top electrode layer disposed above the top surface; and
a bottom electrode layer disposed below the bottom surface; and
a plurality of acoustic wave reflectors disposed on a side of the bottom electrode layer opposite the piezoelectric layer, each acoustic wave reflector including a high acoustic impedance layer having an acoustic impedance (Za)≥60×10 6 N·s/m 3 , wherein the high acoustic impedance layer of at least one of the acoustic wave reflectors is a layer of diamond.
2. The acoustic resonator of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the acoustic wave reflectors includes a low acoustic impedance layer having an acoustic impedance (Zb) on a side of its high acoustic impedance layer opposite the bottom electrode layer, and the acoustic impedances Za and Zb have values that satisfy the equation:
|( Zb−Za )/( Za+Zb )|≥0.4.
3. The acoustic resonator of claim 2 , wherein the low acoustic impedance layer has an acoustic impedance ≤65×10 6 N·s/m 3 .
4. The acoustic resonator of claim 2 , wherein the low acoustic impedance layer is vacuum or a gas-phase material or mixture.
5. The acoustic resonator of claim 4 , wherein the gas-phase material or mixture includes one or more of the following: air, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxygen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon.
6. The acoustic resonator of claim 2 , wherein the low acoustic impedance layer is a solid-phase material.
7. The acoustic resonator of claim 6 , wherein the solid-phase material comprises at least one of the following: ceramic, glass, crystal, and/or mineral.
8. The acoustic resonator of claim 1 , wherein the high acoustic impedance layer is comprised of metal, ceramic, glass, or polymer.
9. The acoustic resonator of claim 8 , wherein the metal comprises one or more elements from one or more of the following Groups of the periodic table of the elements: IIIA, IVA, IB, IIB, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, and VIIIB.
10. The acoustic resonator of claim 1 , further including at least one temperature compensation layer, the at least one temperature compensation layer disposed at least at one of the following locations:
between the bottom electrode layer and at least one of the acoustic wave reflectors;
on a side of at least one of the high acoustic impedance layers opposite the bottom electrode layer; and/or
on a side of the top electrode layer opposite the piezoelectric layer.
11. The acoustic resonator of claim 10 , wherein each temperature compensation layer includes an element comprising silicon, an element comprising oxygen, or both.
12. The acoustic resonator of claim 1 , wherein the acoustic resonator is coupled to at least one supporting structure disposed laterally to a stacking direction of the layers of the piezoelectric stack.
13. The acoustic resonator of claim 12 , further including a tether coupling a side or end of the acoustic resonator to the supporting structure.
14. An acoustic resonator, comprising:
a piezoelectric stack comprising:
a piezoelectric layer having on opposite sides thereof a top surface and a bottom surface;
a top electrode layer disposed above the top surface; and
a bottom electrode layer disposed below the bottom surface; and
a plurality of acoustic wave reflectors disposed on a side of the bottom electrode layer opposite the piezoelectric layer, each acoustic wave reflector including a high acoustic impedance layer having an acoustic impedance (Za)≥60×10 6 N·s/m 3 ,
wherein at least one of the acoustic wave reflectors includes a low acoustic impedance layer having an acoustic impedance (Zb) on a side of its high acoustic impedance layer opposite the bottom electrode layer, and the acoustic impedances Za and Zb have values that satisfy the equation:
|( Zb−Za )/( Za+Zb )≥0.4; and
wherein the low acoustic impedance layer is a liquid-phase material.
15. The acoustic resonator of claim 14 , wherein the high acoustic impedance layer of at least one of the acoustic wave reflectors is a layer of diamond.
16. An acoustic resonator, comprising:
a piezoelectric stack comprising:
a piezoelectric layer having on opposite sides thereof a top surface and a bottom surface;
a top electrode layer disposed above the top surface; and
a bottom electrode layer disposed below the bottom surface; and
a plurality of acoustic wave reflectors disposed on a side of the bottom electrode layer opposite the piezoelectric layer, each acoustic wave reflector including a high acoustic impedance layer having an acoustic impedance (Za)≥60×10 6 N·s/m 3 ,
wherein the acoustic resonator is coupled to at least one supporting structure disposed laterally to a stacking direction of the layers of the piezoelectric stack, and
wherein the acoustic resonator, further includes:
a tether coupling a side or end of the acoustic resonator to the supporting structure; and
a means for reflecting acoustic waves disposed on a side of the tether opposite the acoustic resonator.
17. The acoustic resonator of claim 16 , wherein the tether has a width less than a width of the side or end of the acoustic resonator.
18. The acoustic resonator of claim 16 , wherein the means for reflecting acoustic waves includes a mirror formed of a material having an acoustic impedance ≤65×10 6 N·s/m 3 .
19. The acoustic resonator of claim 16 , wherein the means for reflecting acoustic waves includes one or more phononic crystals.
20. An acoustic resonator comprising:
a piezoelectric stack comprising:
a piezoelectric layer having on opposite sides thereof a top surface and a bottom surface;
a top electrode layer disposed above the top surface; and
a bottom electrode layer disposed below the bottom surface; and
a plurality of acoustic wave reflectors disposed on a side of the bottom electrode layer opposite the piezoelectric layer, each acoustic wave reflector including a high acoustic impedance layer having an acoustic impedance (Za)≥60×10 6 N·s/m 3 ,
wherein the acoustic resonator is coupled to at least one supporting structure disposed laterally to a stacking direction of the layers of the piezoelectric stack, and
wherein the acoustic resonator, further includes:
a tether coupling a side or end of the acoustic resonator to the supporting structure; and
one or more phononic crystals included in the tether.