Asymmetrical stretch composite for pipe liner
A fibrous material or composite including a plurality of layers joined to one another, for example, by needlepunching, is disclosed. The fibrous composite generally has an asymmetrical stretch profile, such that the fibrous composite is more extensible in the cross-machine direction than in the machine direction. The fibrous composite may find particular use in forming a cure-in-place pipe liner.
1. A fibrous composite comprising:
a first layer comprising a plurality of staple fibers, the first layer having a first dimension extending in a first direction and a second dimension extending in a second direction, the first direction and the second direction being substantially perpendicular to one another; and
a second layer comprising a plurality of filament yarns oriented in the first direction and disposed along the second dimension of the first layer, wherein
the plurality of filament yarns of the second layer and the plurality of staple fibers of the first layer are mechanically entangled with each other,
the plurality of filament yarns do not form a unitary second layer; and
the fibrous composite has a greater degree of extensibility in the second direction than in the first direction; and
a third layer comprising a plurality of staple fibers, wherein the plurality of staple fibers of the third layer are mechanically entangled with the plurality of filament yarns of the second layer and the plurality of staple fibers of the first layer.
2. The fibrous composite of claim 1 , wherein
the fibrous composite has an elongation in the first direction of less than about 9% at a load of 10 lb-f/2-in. strip,
an elongation in the second direction of at least about 9% at a load of 10 lb-f/2-in. strip, wherein a ratio of the elongation in the second direction to the elongation in the first direction is at least about 5 to 1.
3. The fibrous composite of claim 1 , wherein
the filament yarns have a denier per filament from about 500 dpf to about 1500 dpf.
4. The fibrous composite of claim 1 , wherein
the filament yarns are present in an amount of from about 4 count per inch to about 10 count per inch.
5. The fibrous composite of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of staple fibers independently comprise
from about 40 wt % to about 60 wt % of staple fibers having a denier per filament from about 0.7 dpf to about 6 dpf, and
from about 40 wt % to about 60 wt % of staple fibers having a denier per filament from about 4 dpf to about 8 dpf.
6. A fibrous composite comprising:
a first layer comprising a plurality of staple fibers, the first layer having a first dimension extending in a first direction and a second dimension extending in a second direction, the first direction and the second direction being substantially perpendicular to one another;
a second layer comprising a first plurality of filament yarns oriented in the first direction and disposed along the second dimension of the first layer, and a second plurality of filament yarns oriented in the second direction and disposed along the first dimension of the first layer; and
a third layer comprising a plurality of staple fibers, wherein
the second layer is disposed between the first layer and the third layer;
the plurality of staple fibers of the first layer are mechanically entangled with the first plurality of filament yarns and the second plurality of filament yarns, and
the fibrous composite has a greater degree of extensibility in the second direction than in the first direction;
the plurality of staple fibers of the third layer are mechanically entangled with the first plurality of filament yarns of the second layer and the plurality of staple fibers of the first layer;
the fibrous composite has an elongation in the first direction of from about 0.5% to about 5% at a load of 10 lb-f/2-in. strip, and
an elongation in the second direction of at least about 5% at a load of 10 lb-f/2-in. strip, wherein a ratio of the elongation in the second direction to the elongation in the first direction is at least about 6 to 1.
7. The fibrous composite of claim 6 , wherein
the second layer is an open mesh scrim.
8. The fibrous composite of claim 6 , wherein
the first plurality of filament yarns oriented in the first direction comprise plain filament yarns, and the second plurality of filament yarns oriented in the second direction comprise textured filament yarns.
9. The fibrous composite of claim 6 , wherein
the first plurality of filament yarns oriented in the first direction have a denier per filament from about 500 dpf to about 1500 dpf, and
the second plurality of filament yarns oriented in the second direction have a denier per filament from about 50 dpf to about 200 dpf.
10. The fibrous composite of claim 6 , wherein the plurality of staple fibers independently comprise
from about 40 wt % to about 60 wt % of staple fibers having a denier per filament from about 0.7 dpf to about 6 dpf, and
from about 40 wt % to about 60 wt % of staple fibers having a denier per filament from about 4 dpf to about 8 dpf.
11. The fibrous composite of claim 6 , having a basis weight of from about 5 osy to about 35 osy.
12. The fibrous composite of claim 6 , wherein
at least one of the staple fibers and yarns independently comprise at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, nylon, homopolymer acrylic and polyacrylonitrile.
13. The fibrous composite of claim 6 , further comprising a layer of polymeric material, wherein
the layer of polymeric material comprises a polymer film or an extrusion coating.
14. The fibrous composite of claim 13 , wherein
the layer of polymeric material comprises at least one of a polyvinyl chloride, a polyurethane, a nylon, and a polypropylene.
15. The fibrous composite of claim 6 , rolled into a tube, wherein
the tube is for being used a pipe liner.
16. A fibrous composite comprising:
a first layer comprising a plurality of staple fibers, the first layer having a first dimension extending in a first direction and a second dimension extending in a second direction, the first direction and the second direction being substantially perpendicular to one another; and
a second layer comprising a first plurality of yarns oriented in the first direction and disposed along the second dimension of the first layer, and a second plurality of yarns oriented in the second direction and disposed along the first dimension of the first layer, wherein
the yarns oriented in the first direction comprise plain filament yarns or spun yarns,
the yarns oriented in the second direction comprise elastic yarns,
the plurality of staple fibers of the first layer are mechanically entangled with
the first plurality of yarns and the second plurality of yarns,
the fibrous composite has a greater degree of extensibility in the second direction than in the first direction,
the fibrous composite has
an elongation in the first direction of from about 0.5% to about 5% at a load of 10 lb-f/2-in. strip, and
an elongation in the second direction of at least about 5% at a load of 10 lb-f/2-in. strip, wherein a ratio of the elongation in the second direction to the elongation in the first direction is at least about 6 to 1.
17. The fibrous composite of claim 16 , wherein
the elongation in the first and second directions is measured according to ASTM D5035-11.
18. The fibrous composite of claim 16 , further comprising:
a third layer comprising a plurality of staple fibers, wherein
the plurality of staple fibers of the third layer are mechanically entangled with the plurality of yarns of the second layer and the plurality of staple fibers of the first layer; and
the second layer is disposed between the first layer and the third layer.