Anti-scaling composition for water systems
Techniques are described for preparing a water filtration composition that includes activated carbon having an ash content of at least 10 wt. % and particles of a solubilizing agent. The solubilizing agent forms a water-soluble complex with cations (e.g., calcium ions). This increases the solubility of calcium ions and other scale-forming ions in water, thus suppressing scale formation on interior surfaces of water processing infrastructure. The activated carbon and the solubilizing agent are processed to have particle sizes in a same range, thus enabling the activated carbon and the solubilizing agent to be thoroughly mixed together.
1. A composition comprising:
activated carbon including an ash content of at least 10 weight (wt.) %; and
solubilizing agent particles at a concentration from 0.1 wt. % to 5.0 wt. % of the activated carbon, wherein
the activated carbon and the solubilizing agent particles each have a D 50 particle size between 5 microns and 100 microns, the solubilizing agent particles being admixed with the activated carbon.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the solubilizing agent particles comprises from 1.5 wt. % to 4.5 wt. % of the weight of the activated carbon.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the activated carbon is derived from coal.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the activated carbon comprises activated carbon particles, and further wherein the activated carbon particles and the solubilizing agent particles have a D 50 between 10 and 70 microns.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the ash content is greater than 20 wt. % of the activated carbon.
6. A slurry comprising the composition of any of claims 1 - 5 and water.
7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the slurry is mixed in a ratio of approximately one pound of the composition of claim 1 to approximately one gallon of water.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the solubilizing agent particles comprises at least one of pyrophosphate, polyphosphate, hexametaphosphate, and polyacrylic acid.
9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the pyrophosphate is tetrasodium pyrophosphate, the polyphosphate is sodium polyphosphate, and the hexametaphosphate is sodium hexametaphosphate.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the activated carbon comprises at least one of a surface area of from 500 m 2 /g to 2000 m 2 /g and a pore volume of from 0.9 ml/g to 1.0 ml/g.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the solubilizing agent particles form a water-soluble complex with at least one of calcium ions and crystallites comprising calcium.
12. A method of treating a water supply, the method comprising:
forming a water-soluble complex with cations by contacting water to be treated with a composition comprising activated carbon admixed with solubilizing agent particles, the carbon and the solubilizing agent particles having a D 50 particle size between 5 microns and 100 microns, and the solubilizing agent particles comprising at least one of pyrophosphate, polyphosphate, hexametaphosphate, and polyacrylic acid, wherein the activated carbon includes an ash content of at least 10 weight %.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the activated carbon and solubilizing agent are added to the water as a homogeneous mixture.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein a weight ratio of the solubilizing agent particles to activated carbon is between 1:200 and 1:10.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein forming comprises adding the composition to water in a ratio of one pound of the composition to one gallon of water to form a slurry.
16. The method of claim 12 , further comprising filtering the activated carbon from the water supply.
17. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
placing the composition in a water-permeable container; and
allowing water of the water supply to pass through the composition in the water-permeable container.
18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the cation is a calcium cation.
19. The method of claim 12 , wherein an anion of the solubilizing agent particles form the water-soluble complex with at least one of the cations and crystallites comprising the cations.